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Immunotherapy emerges as a treatment strategy for breast cancer marker, diagnosis and
treatment. In this review, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)-based passive and peptide vaccines as active
immunotherapy approaches like activation of B-cells and T-cells are studied. Passive immunotherapy
is mAbs-based therapy effective against tumor cells, which acts by targeting HER2,
IGF 1R, VEGF, BCSC and immune checkpoints. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GPCR are the areas
of interest to target BC metastases for on-targeting therapeutic action. Neuropeptide S (NPS) or
NPS receptor 1, acts as a biomarker for Neuroendocrine tumors (NET), mostly characterized by synaptophysin
and chromogranin-A expression or Ki-67 proliferation index. The protein fusion technologies
arise as a promising avenue in plant expression systems for increased recombinant Ab accumulation
and cost-efficient purification. Recently, mAbs-based immunotherapy effectiveness is
appreciated as a novel therapeutic combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy to reduce the
side effects and improve therapeutic responsiveness. Synthetic drug resistance will be overcome by
mAbs-based therapy through several clinical trials and detection methods need to be optimized for
accuracy and precision. Pharmacokinetic attributes need to be accessed for preferred receptor-agonist
activity without ligand accumulation.
Evaluation of delays in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in a reference center: a retrospective analysis
