Persistence, Extinction, and Recolonization of an Epibenthic Gastropod Population on an Intertidal Sandflat: 35-Y Contingent History of a Key Species of the Benthic Community in Metapopulation and Metacommunity Contexts

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Tamaki ◽  
Seiji Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Community ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Intertidal Sandflat ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Diversification of African Tree Legumes in Miombo–Mopane Woodlands

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivete Maquia ◽  
Silvia Catarino ◽  
Ana R. Pena ◽  
Denise R.A. Brito ◽  
Natasha. S. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Key Species ◽  
History Of

The southern African Miombo and Mopane ecoregions constitute a unique repository of plant diversity whose diversification and evolutionary history is still understudied. In this work, we assessed the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes within the Zambezian phytoregion. Data were retrieved from several plant and gene databases and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on genetic barcodes. Seventy-eight species (74 from Miombo and 23 from Mopane, 19 common to both ecoregions) have been scored. Species diversity was high within both ecoregions, but information about the actual conservation status is scarce and available only for ca. 15% of the species. Results of phylogenetic analyses were consistent with current legume classification but did not allow us to draw any conclusion regarding the evolutionary history of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes. Future studies are proposed to dissect the diversity and structure of key species in order to consolidate the network of conservation areas.

Carabids as potential indicators of sustainable farming systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

Carabid beetles are important biological control agents in a range of agricultural crops throughout the world. This paper outlines the history of carabid research in Australia to provide a point of reference with European and USA studies. The ecological and applied agricultural knowledge of the Australian fauna lags far behind that of Europe and the USA but we are now at the point of using the available knowledge to assess agricultural ecosystems. This paper describes how aspects of the biology and ecology of the Australian carabid fauna differ from that described in published work on other carabid populations. In particular, this paper describes how it may be possible to identify dominant (key) species in particular ecosystems (such as pasture or cropping) and use these species as indicators of ecosystem health.

scholarly journals Light and shadows in the evolution of South European stenonoid horses

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rita Palombo ◽  
Maria Teresa Alberdi
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Quaternary Period ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Key Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
South Europe

Abstract The appearance of monodactyl equids in Eurasia and their dispersal towards South Europe is a significant event that marks the beginning of the Quaternary period. During the Pleistocene, horses were a common element in most European large mammal faunal assemblages, providing important palaeoecological clues, but their taxonomy, nomenclature and phylogeny, as well as their actual biochronological significance have been widely debated by scholars. The evolutionary history of horses here regarded as “stenonoid” (Equus livenzovensis, Equus stenonis, Equus ex gr. E. senezensis, Equus altidens, Equus hydruntinus, the large-sized horses Equus major and Equus suessenbornensis, sometimes referred to as the so-called “Equus bressanus-Equus suessenbornensis group”), is one of the most intriguing. This study, mainly focusing on the South European representatives of this group, aims to highlight and discuss the major debated issues, re-examining the taxonomy of some Early and early Middle Pleistocene horses. Alternative phylogenetic hypotheses will also be discussed with the aim of providing new clues on the chronology and palaeoecology of some key species/samples.

scholarly journals The Eukaryotic Last Common Ancestor Was Bifunctional for Hopanoid and Sterol Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Francis
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Vertical Inheritance ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Facultative Aerobe ◽  
History Of

Steroid and hopanoid biomarkers can be found in ancient rocks and may give a glimpse of what life was present at that time. Sterols and hopanoids are produced by two related enzymes, though the evolutionary history of this protein family is complicated by losses and horizontal gene transfers, and appears to be widely misinterpretted. Here, I have added sequences from additional key species, and re-analysis of the phylogeny of SHC and OSC indicates a single origin of both enzymes among eukaryotes. This pattern is best explained by vertical inheritance of both enzymes from a bacterial ancestor, followed by widespread loss of SHC, and two subsequent HGT events to ferns and ascomycetes. Thus, the last common ancestor of eukaryotes would have been bifunctional for both sterol and hopanoid production. Later enzymatic innovations allowed diversification of sterols in eukaryotes. Contrary to previous interpretations, the LCA of eukaryotes potentially would have been able to produce hopanoids as a substitute for sterols in anaerobic conditions. Without invoking any other metabolic demand, the LCA of eukaryotes could have been a facultative aerobe, living in unstable conditions with respect to oxygen level.

scholarly journals The Eukaryotic Last Common Ancestor Was Bifunctional for Hopanoid and Sterol Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Francis
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Vertical Inheritance ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Facultative Aerobe ◽  
History Of

Steroid and hopanoid biomarkers can be found in ancient rocks and, in principle, can give a glimpse of what life was present at that time. Sterols and hopanoids are produced by two related enzymes, though the evolutionary history of this protein family is complicated by losses and horizontal gene transfers, and appears to be widely misinterpretted. Here, I have added sequences from additional key species, and re-analysis of the phylogeny of SHC and OSC indicates a single origin of both enzymes among eukaryotes. This pattern is best explained by vertical inheritance of both enzymes from a bacterial ancestor, followed by widespread loss of SHC, and two subsequent HGT events to ferns and ascomycetes. Thus, the last common ancestor of eukaryotes would have been bifunctional for both sterol and hopanoid production. Later enzymatic innovations allowed diversification of sterols in eukaryotes. Contrary to previous interpretations, the LCA of eukaryotes potentially would have been able to produce hopanoids as a substitute for sterols in anaerobic conditions. Without invoking any other metabolic demand, the LCA of eukaryotes could have been a facultative aerobe, living in unstable conditions with respect to oxygen level.

Nuclear vs. plastid data: complex Pleistocene history of a circumpolar key species

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3902-3925 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. EIDESEN ◽  
I. G. ALSOS ◽  
M. POPP ◽  
Ø. STENSRUD ◽  
J. SUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Species ◽  
History Of
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