scholarly journals Predictive indicators of an unfavorable prognosis for the restoration of laryngeal functions in unilateral lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
N. V. Solomennikova ◽  
J. V. Deeva ◽  
V. O. Palamarchuk ◽  
V. V. Kuts
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
General Signs

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage in thyroid surgery is a very dangerous complication. An otolaryngologist, especially at pri­mary care institutions,should administer conservative or surgical treatment in a timely manner and depending on the type of nerve damage (transient, permanent), i. e., to analyze possible prognosis of the disease. Only few studies to predict disease developmentin RLN have been performed. One of the most modern and informative methods is laryngeal electromyography using needle electrodes, but despite the sufficient number of patients with this pathology, in most medical institutions in Ukraine it is not performed, given the technical difficulties of implementation, invasiveness and difficulty in interpreting the results of this method.Aim — to analyze the laryngoscopic signs of paresis and paralysis of the larynx in thyroid surgery and to identify the most significant from them, which together can serve as prognostic criteria of the lack of recovery of laryngeal mobility (paralysis).Materials and methods. A single-site prospective study was conducted in the years 2018—2021 that involved 164 patients with postoperative laryngeal movement disorders, who were divided into two groups: subjects with laryngeal paralysis (n = 33) and patients with laryngeal paresis (n = 131). All patients underwent phoniatric examination. The following signs have been identified: general signs, including age, number of operations, scope of surgical intervention, and 18 laryngoscopicsigns, each of them had two to seven grades. For the convenience, the grades were coded with numbers and, if possible, arranged in ascending order of severity. The obtained results were processed with Fisher angular transformation.Results. Among 18 laryngoscopic and general signs, 10main (predictors) were identified, that affect the absence or presence of laryngeal paralysis. They included:elements of mobility of the paralyzed vocal cords (VC) (absent), flotation of the «paralyzed» VC (insignificant and pronounced), mobility of the arytenoid cartilage (absent), closure of the VC (complete non-closure), synchronicity of oscillations VC (absence of movement of the paralyzed VC), restriction of the movement of the «paralyzed» VC (absent (the GE is motionless), level of the VC in the vertical plane (not on the same level), the tension of the median edge of the VC (incurvate), patient’s age > 45 years, the position of the «paralyzed» VC (median and intermedian). The mathematical analysis showed that none of the isolated laryngoscopic signs can be used as an independent criterion in assessing the predictions of the laryngeal mobilityrestoration.Conclusions. Prognostic laryngoscopic signs of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage in the thyroid surgery allow to create a prognostic model of recovery or lack of recovery of laryngeal motility, which is important for the appointment of timely adequate treatment.

scholarly journals Energy Based Vessel Sealing Devices in Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review to Clarify the Relationship with Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Mario Pacilli ◽  
Nicola Tartaglia ◽  
Alberto Gerundo ◽  
Giovanna Pavone ◽  
Alberto Fersini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
Vessel Sealing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Background and objectives: The principal complications associated with thyroid surgery consist in postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy, hypoparathyroidism, intra-operative and post-operative hemorrhage. In this paper, structured as a literature review, we describe the current knowledge and the technical improvements currently employed in the field of thyroid surgery, focusing on the contribution of energy based devices in relation with the reduction of the operating time and the odds of possible complication. Materials and methods: a relevant systematic literature search on Pubmed was carried out including works from 2004 through 2019, selecting studies providing information on the energy based devices employed in surgeries and statistic data concerning RNL (transient and permanent) injury and operative time. Results: Nineteen studies were reviewed, dealing with 4468 patients in total. The operative variables considered in this study are: employed device, number of patients, pathological conditions affecting the patients, surgical treatment, RNL injury percentage and the operating time, offering an insight on different patient conditions and their relative operative outcomes. A total of 1843 patients, accounting to the 41.2% of the total pool, underwent the traditional technique operation, while 2605 patients (58.3%) were treated employing the energy based devices techniques. Thyroidectomy performed by approaches different from traditional (for example robotic, MIVAT (Mini Invasive Video Assisted thyroidectomy)) were excluded from this study. Conclusions: The energy-based vessel sealing devices in study, represent a safe and efficient alternative to the traditional clamp-and-tie hand technique in the thyroidal surgery scenario, granting a reduction in operating time while not increasing RNL injury rates. According to this information, a preference for energy based devices techniques might be expressed, furthermore, a progressively higher usage rate for these devices is expected in the near future.

scholarly journals Muscle Spasms after Thyroidectomy: What Went Wrong?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Ryan M Antiel ◽  
David R Farley ◽  
Mark J Heidenreich ◽  
Diana S Dean
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Cervical Hematoma ◽  
Symptomatic Hypocalcemia ◽  
Muscle Spasms

ABSTRACT Postoperative complications of thyroid surgery are generally limited, though not entirely rare. Cervical hematoma, recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and hypoparathyroidism are of greatest concern, with the latter being the most frequently encountered. We report a case of a Graves thyroid patient who experienced symptomatic hypocalcemia in a post-thyroidectomy setting. Episodes of paresthesia and tetany delayed the patient's hospital discharge, serving as a reminder of the potential morbidities thyroid surgery can entail. How to cite this article Heidenreich MJ, Antiel RM, Dean DS Farley DR. Muscle Spasms after Thyroidectomy: What Went Wrong? World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(1):16-17.

scholarly journals Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: An Indian Documentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagaya Raj ◽  
Ravi Padmakar Deo ◽  
Azeem Mohiyuddin ◽  
Shuaib Merchant ◽  
Manaswini Ramachandra
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Vascular Anomaly ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve

ABSTRACT Purpose of the study Aimed to highlight a rare anatomical variation of right recurrent laryngeal nerve and a brief review of literature. Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variation with an incidence of 0.5 to 0.7% in thyroid surgery. It is difficult to identify this variation preoperatively either by imaging or by signs and symptoms, unless a vascular anomaly is suspected. This study aims to underline the necessity of recognizing the possibility of non-RLN and also to follow a systematic dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries, to prevent intraoperative nerve damage. How to cite this article Raj S, Deo RP, Mohiyuddin A, Merchant S, Ramachandra M. Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: An Indian Documentation. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):28-29.

INTRAOPERATIVE CONTINUOUS NEUROMONITORING OF LARYNGEAL RECCURENT NERVES IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Viktor Makarin ◽  
Anna Uspenskaya ◽  
Arseniy Semenov ◽  
Natalya Timofeeva ◽  
Roman Chernikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Neural Transmission ◽  
Continuous Neuromonitoring ◽  
Surgical Manipulation

Laryngeal muscles paresis ranks second in prevalence of postoperative complications after thyroid surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) results in reduction of cases with dysphonia and prevents such severe complication as bilateral paresis. Currently there are two types of monitoring: intermittent and continual. When using intermittent IONM surgeon has no opportunity to control electrophysiology state of RLN during intervals between stimulations. In case of continual IONM date on amplitude and latency are available to surgeon in real time every second, allowing him instantly react to any disturbance of neural transmission to prevent its damage by changing surgical manipulation. This work presents the first experience of using continual neuromonitoring of RLN in Russia, the procedure is described in details its safety. It is represented the possibility of prevention of bilateral laryngeal muscles paresis.

Correlation between Stroboscopy and Electromyography in Laryngeal Paralysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kokesh ◽  
Lawrence R. Robinson ◽  
Paul W. Flint ◽  
Charles W. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Previous Surgery ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury ◽  
Vocal Fold Motion

Twenty patients with vocal fold motion impairment were reviewed to correlate the findings of electromyography (EMG) and stroboscopy. The causes of motion impairment were idiopathic, previous surgery with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, neck and skull base trauma, and neoplasm. The EMG studies were analyzed to assess the status of innervation of the immobile vocal fold. The presence or absence of the mucosal wave prior to therapeutic intervention was determined with stroboscopic examination. Eight of 10 patients with EMG evidence of reinnervation or partial denervation were found to have mucosal waves, and 3 of 10 patients with EMG evidence of denervation were found to have mucosal waves. Six patients developed mucosal waves after surgical medialization, despite evidence of denervation by EMG criteria. These findings support the premise that tension and subglottic pressure, rather than status of innervation, determine the presence of the mucosal wave.

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