Case Report: Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination

Anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is characterized by cognitive impairment or rapid progressive dementia, psychiatric disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) and refractory hyponatremia. Since December 2020, millions of people worldwide have been vaccinated against COVID-19. Several soft neurological symptoms like pain, headache, dizziness, or muscle spasms are common and self-limited adverse effects after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. However, several major neurological complications, despite the unproven causality, have been reported since the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine. Herein, we describe a 48 years old man presenting with rapidly progressive cognitive decline and hyponatremia diagnosed with anti LGI1 AE, occurring shortly after the second dose of mRNA COVID -19 vaccine and possibly representing a severe adverse event related to the vaccination. Response to high dose steroid therapy was favorable. As millions of people worldwide are currently receiving COVID-19 vaccinations, this case should serve to increase the awareness for possible rare autoimmune reactions following this novel vaccination in general, and particularly of anti-LGI1 AE.

An Embedded Based Electric Shock Prevention for Human Safety

An electric shock is the effect of passing an electric current through the body. The minimum current a human can feel is thought to be about 1 milliampere (mA). The effect can range from minor tingling to muscle spasms, tissue damage, fibrillation of the heart, loss of consciousness, and even death. These effects depend on a variety of factors, including the strength of the current, duration of the current, the area of the body through which the current passes, and whether the person is grounded or insulated from the ground. Death caused by an electric shock is referred to as electrocution.

Experience in the use of tissue flossing for the prevention and treatment of muscle cramps

Introduction. Cramps are sudden, involuntary, painful tonic muscle spasms of individual muscles or muscle groups lasting from several seconds to several minutes. It occurs in patients of different age categories with a frequency of up to 37 %. Tissue flossing (flossing, voodoo flossing) is an effect on the musculature, tendons, fascia (myofascial structures) of the extremities with the help of a special elastic band circularly wound on the limb, and subsequent physical exercises in this condition in order to improve blood circulation in the limb segment, increase tissue mobility, elasticity and extensibility of muscle-fascial structures. Tissue flossing can help to increase the volume of movements in the joints, reduce pain and increase flexibility.The aim to study the effects of tissue flossing on the frequency and intensity of manifestations of cramps. Materials and methods. The publication was based on the materials obtained during the observation of 7 patients with cramps. The aggressive nature of the muscle spasms forced them to seek medical help. In order to assess the effect on the frequency and intensity of cramps, patients underwent circular winding of an elastic band on a limb segment (tissue flossing) in which cramps occurred, followed by physical exercises (mainly flexion and extension at a pace of one movement per second) without additional load (with their weight) for 1 minute. Then the elastic band was removed and the patient continued to perform the same movements also for a minute with a frequency of one movement per second. Patients performed exercises 1-2 times a day for 5-14 days.Results. In five out of seven patients, cramps did not resume after the first use of tissue flossing. In two of the seven patients, cramps stopped after 7 days of exercise use. At follow-up in one (out of seven) patients, cramps resumed 2 months after the use of tissue flossing, but with a lower intensity. In the other six (out of seven) patients in the subsequent follow-up period (from 14 days to 6 months), cramps did not resume.Conclusion. According to the preliminary results of observations, it can be assumed that the tissue flossing method is effective for preventing cramps of various genesis as an independent and additional method of treatment.

Study of temperature logs of linseed, corn and chia seeds for the treatment of joint pain and inflammation

Thermal energy storage in the form of heat provides transient relief in inflammatory and traumatic, subacute and chronic disorders such as: sprains, muscle strains, muscle spasms, low back pain, cervical injuries, various forms of arthritis, arthralgia, neuralgia. Heat increases blood flow and connective tissue extensibility; it also decreases joint stiffness, pain and muscle spasm and helps relieve inflammation. The application of heat can be superficial and the intensity or duration of the physiological effects depends mainly on the temperature of the tissue, the rate of temperature elevation and the area treated. In this work a comparison of the capacity to absorb and contain sensible heat using a combination of linseed, corn and chia seeds in water is made in order to identify which combination is able to retain heat longer and to take advantage of this characteristic in the treatment of pain and inflammation.

Literatur Review: Efektifitas Kompres Dinginterhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Pada Pasien Fraktur Tertutup

Fractures cause physiological disturbances, one of which is pain. Pain in fracture patients is caused by muscle spasms. Cold compression is the easiest method to reduce pain. This study identifies cold compresses’ effect in reducing closed fracture patients by finding research articles from Google Scholar. Keywords for the search include “closed fracture”, “pain intensity”, and “cold compress”, published in 2011-2020. Three articles were analyzed. The results showed that 57 total respondents were male (68.09%) and female (31.91%). Before the intervention was 6.72, pain intensity dropped to 3.50 after the intervention with a p-value <0.01. This Literature Review concludes that cold compress therapy is effective in reducing pain among closed fracture patients. Nurses are expected to apply cold compress therapy as an intervention to reduce pain in fracture patients.Keywords: cold compress; pain intensity; closed fracture; AbstrakFraktur merupakan ancaman potensial maupun aktual terhadap integritas seseorang, sehingga akan mengalami gangguan fisiologis salah satunya respon berupa nyeri. Nyeri pada pasien fraktur disebabkan karena spasme otot. Upaya menurunkan nyeri pada pasien fraktur tertutup dengan cara memberikan terapi kompres dingin. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk menggambarkan pengaruh pemberian kompres dingin terhadap nyeri pasien fraktur tertutup. Desain karya tulis ini berupa Literature Review dengan jumlah tiga artikel yang diambil dari laman google scholar dengan kata kunci “fraktur tertutup”, “intensitas nyeri”, dan “kompres dingin”, terbit tahun 2011-2020. Hasil analisa karakteristik responden dari ketiga artikel menunjukkan jumlah responden 57 pasien, sebagian besar laki-laki (68,09%) sedangkan perempuan (31,91%). Nilai rata-rata nyeri sebelum intervensi 6,72 setelah intervensi 3,50 dengan p-value 0,000. Simpulan dari Literature Review ini adalah terapi kompres dingin efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat nyeri pasien fraktur tertutup. Saran bagi perawat diharapkan dapat menerapkan terapi kompres dingin sebagai salah satu intervensi untuk menurunkan nyeri pasien fraktur.Kata kunci:kompres dingin; intensitas nyeri; fraktur tertutup;

Evaluation of euthanasia methods using injectable agents in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

Reptile euthanasia techniques are poorly described. This non-blinded randomized study compared pentobarbital, lidocaine, and potassium chloride (KCl) for leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) euthanasia at 20° Celsius and evaluated for post-mortem artifacts. Fifty-three non-clinical adult leopard gecko were scheduled for euthanasia due to Cryptosporidium varanii exposure. Based on pilot study results, geckos randomly received one of six treatments: intracoelomic (ICo) pentobarbital 400mg/kg (ICo-P4, n = 9) or 800mg/kg (ICo-P8, n = 9), intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone 20mg/kg followed by intracardiac (ICa) pentobarbital 800mg/kg (ICa-P, n = 9), KCl 10mEq/kg (ICa-K, n = 9), or lidocaine 100mg/kg (ICa-L, n = 9) or IM alfaxalone 20mg/kg (IM-A, n = 8, control). Serial Doppler heart rate assessments were performed until cardiac arrest, 30 minutes (ICa groups), or 60 minutes (ICo groups). Cardiac arrest occurred in 7/9, 9/9, 9/9, 8/9, and 8/9 geckos in ICo-P4, ICo-P8, ICa-P, ICa-K, and ICa-L, respectively, with median (range) times of 35 (25 - 45), 30 (15-60), 0 (0 - 6.33), 0 (0 - 0.05), and 0 (0 - 0.03) minutes. Side effects were noted in a subset of ICo-P (arched posture) and ICa-K (muscle spasms) geckos. Six geckos in ICa-L had Doppler sound resumption several hours following cessation, with three displaying spontaneous movement. All geckos in IM-A recovered. Intracardiac pentobarbital following IM alfaxalone caused rapid, permanent loss of heartbeat in all tested geckos. Intracoelomic pentobarbital was also effective but had a prolonged time to cardiac arrest. Intracardiac lidocaine is not recommended for leopard gecko euthanasia.

RESUME-1: a Phase III study of tolperisone in the treatment of painful, acute muscle spasms of the back

Tolperisone is a nonopioid, centrally acting muscle relaxant in clinical development in the USA for the treatment of symptoms associated with acute, painful muscles spasms of the back. CLN-301, RESUME-1, is a 14-day double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase III study of the efficacy and safety of tolperisone administered orally three-times daily in 1000 male and female subjects at approximately 70 clinical sites in the USA experiencing back pain due to or associated with muscle spasm of acute onset. Tolperisone is a promising therapeutic for managing acute, painful muscle spasms of the back as it appears to lack the off-target CNS effects often seen with conventional skeletal muscle relaxants. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT04671082

Implication of Riyazat (Exercise) in Primary Dysmenorrhoea (Usr-E-Tams)

Dysmenorrhoea (usr-e-tams) is a usual gynaecological condition comprising of painful muscle spasms coming with menstruation, which in the absence of any fundamental irregularity or pathology, is known as primary dysmenorrhoea. Primary dysmenorrhoea is the nearly usual cyclical pelvic pain affecting the satisfaction of life. The relative incidence of primary dysmenorrhoea was reported to be within 20% and 90% in many societies. Studies have shown that regular exercise decreases dysmenorrhoea in women, which may be due to the effects of hormonal changes on uterine epithelial tissues or an enhancement in endorphin levels. It appears that exercise has pain-killing events that act in a non-particular way. Research has demonstrated that women with dysmenorrhoea have high degrees of prostaglandins, and hormones acknowledged to cause hampering abdominal pain. Exercise is a non-pharmacological treatment with the aim of reducing side effects commonly reported in association with NSAIDs, such as indigestion, headaches and drowsiness. Thus, diminution of pain may be due to consequences of hormonal changes on uterine epithelial tissues or an increase in endorphin levels. However, exercise has analgesic events that behave in a non-specific way and may be substituted for analgesics. Exercise may play a pivotal role in combating difficulties due to dysmenorrhoea. This article reviews the effects of exercise on dysmenorrhoea.