scholarly journals Using the Kübler-Ross Model of Grief with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): An Analysis of Manchester by the Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Rong-Rong Wang ◽  
Ya-huei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Loved One ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Positive State

<p class="AbstractText">People may encounter different stages of grief during the course of bereavement, and not everyone can achieve a positive state of mind. This study intended to analyze how the characters in <em>Manchester by the Sea</em>, mainly Lee Chandler, Patrick Chandler, and Randi, manage their emotional responses when they are facing the loss of a loved one. The study used Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to analyze how these characters transition through their grief and whether they are likely to suffer from mental illness. Some people, like Randi and Patrick in the film, may recover from bereavement; however, some people, like Lee, may not, eventually becoming afflicted with mental illness or PTSD.</p>

Neural Circuits for Context Processing in Aversive Learning and Memory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Maren
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Context Processing ◽  
Post Traumatic

The nature and properties of emotional expression depend importantly on not only the stimuli that elicit emotional responses, but also the context in which those stimuli are experienced. Deficits in context processing have been associated with a variety of cognitive-emotional disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These deficits can be localized to specific neural circuits underlying context processing in the mammalian brain. In particular, the hippocampus has been implicated through numerous animal and human studies to be involved both in normal contextual memory formation, but also in discrimination of trauma-related cues. Decreased hippocampal functioning, as is observed in PTSD, is associated with increased generalization of fear and threat responses as well as deficits in extinction of fear. Understanding context processing offers the opportunity to further understand the biology of PTSD and to target new approaches to therapeutics.

scholarly journals A culturally adapted brief intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in people with severe mental illness in Botswana: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽  
Lauren C. Ng ◽  
Bonginkosi Chiliza
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Research consistently reports elevated rates of exposure to traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (SMI). PTSD may be adequately managed with psychotherapy; however, there is a gap when it comes to management in culturally diverse settings like Botswana. This paper describes a study protocol whose aim is to culturally adapt the BREATHE intervention, a brief psychological intervention for people living with comorbid PTSD and SMI that was developed and tested in the USA; assess the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted BREATHE intervention and explore its efficacy. Methods The study will be conducted in three phases using a mixed methods approach. The first phase will identify and describe the most common traumatic experiences and responses to traumatic experiences, amongst patients with SMI, and patients’ and mental health care providers’ perceptions about suitable PTSD interventions for Botswana. The second phase will entail cultural adaption of the intervention using findings from phase 1, and the third phase will be a pilot trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the culturally adapted intervention and explore its efficacy. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed using basic descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. Discussion Literature highlights cultural variations in the expression and management of mental illness suggesting the need for culturally adapted interventions. The findings of this feasibility study will be used to inform the design of a larger trial to assess the efficacy of an adapted brief intervention for PTSD in patients with SMI in Botswana. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT04426448. Date of registration: June 7, 2020.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cognitive restructuring for post-traumatic stress disorder in people with severe mental illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim T. Mueser ◽  
Jennifer D. Gottlieb ◽  
Haiyi Xie ◽  
Weili Lu ◽  
Philip T. Yanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Breathing Retraining

BackgroundA cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) programme designed for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness, including breathing retraining, education and cognitive restructuring, was shown to be more effective than usual services.AimsTo evaluate the incremental benefit of adding cognitive restructuring to the breathing retraining and education components of the CBT programme (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00494650).MethodIn all, 201 people with severe mental illness and PTSD were randomised to 12- to 16-session CBT or a 3-session brief treatment programme (breathing retraining and education). The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity. Secondary outcomes were PTSD diagnosis, other symptoms, functioning and quality of life.ResultsThere was greater improvement in PTSD symptoms and functioning in the CBT group than in the brief treatment group, with both groups improving on other outcomes and effects maintained 1-year post-treatment.ConclusionsCognitive restructuring has a significant impact beyond breathing retraining and education in the CBT programme, reducing PTSD symptoms and improving functioning in people with severe mental illness.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Attitudes Towards Spiritual Care for Recovery from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Catherine Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Allied Health Students ◽  
Post Traumatic

Spiritual-based care has been increasingly explored and investigated for its effectiveness for assisting mental illness, such as PTSD in the United States of America (Harris et al., 2018). Although research studies have attempted to explore attitudes towards spiritual care and the effectiveness of spiritual-based care for PTSD, few have explored attitudes regarding spiritual care for recovery from PTSD, especially from undergraduate allied health students.&nbsp;This paper explores the attitudes towards spiritual care for recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder, from undergraduate allied health students. The study adopted an interpretivist approach that deployed qualitative methods. The data collection method used for the study were semi-structured interviews. In total, four participants participated in the interviews. A thematic analysis was utilised to examine the datasets from the interviews.The research revealed that majority of participants had negative opinions regarding traditional medical treatment for PTSD and mental illness recovery. This led to the identification of barriers, such as stigma and cultural barriers, for seeking treatment for mental illness. Participants had positive opinions regarding spiritual care for assisting PTSD recovery, with recommendations that religious and spiritual needs must be assessed before the allocation of spiritual-based care to prevent conflict with patient’s religious or cultural beliefs.&nbsp;&nbsp;

scholarly journals Treating patients with severe mental illness with narrative exposure therapy for comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria W. Mauritz ◽  
Betsie G.I. van Gaal ◽  
Peter J.J. Goossens ◽  
Ruud A. Jongedijk ◽  
Hester Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Narrative Exposure Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background Interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) negatively affect illness course. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) is effective in vulnerable patient groups, but its efficacy and applicability has not been studied in out-patients with SMI. Aims We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and applicability of NET in SMI on changes in PTSD, dissociation, SMI symptoms, care needs, quality of life, global functioning and care consumption. Method The study had a single-group, pre-test–post-test, repeated-measures design and was registered in The Netherlands National Trial Register (identifier TR571). Primary outcomes were assessed at pre-treatment (T0), 1 month post-treatment (T1) and 7 months’ follow-up (T2), with a structured interview for PTSD and dissociation screening. Secondary outcomes followed routinely SMI measurements and medical data. Mixed models were used for data analysis. Results The majority of the 23 participants was female (82%). Mean age was 49.9 years (s.d. 9.8) and mean PTSD duration was 24.1 years (s.d. 14.5). Mean PTSD severity decreased from 37.9 at T0 to 31.9 at T1 (−6.0 difference, 95%CI −10.0 to −2.0), and decreased further to 24.5 at T2 (−13.4 difference, 95%CI −17.4 to −9.4). Dissociation, SMI symptoms, duration of contacts, and medication decreased; global functioning increased; and quality of life and perceived needs did not change. Eleven participants were in remission for PTSD at T2, of which five were also in remission for major depression. Conclusions NET appeared efficacious and applicable to out-patients with SMI and PTSD, and was well tolerated.

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