Evaluation of Ecological Stability in Semi-Arid Open-Pit Coal Mining Area Based on Structure and Function Coupling during 2002–2017

Open-pit coal mining plays an important role in supporting national economic development; however, it has caused ecological problems and even seriously impacted regional ecological stability. Given the importance of maintaining ecological stability in semi-arid coal mining areas, this study used a coupling coordination degree approach based on the structural and functional state transition model (SFSTM) to evaluate the spatio–temporal variation of ecological stability from 2002 to 2017 by using MODIS and Landsat datasets in the semi-arid open-pit coal mining area. Besides, random points were created for different ecological stability levels (containing natural areas, coal mining areas, and reclamation areas) and segment linear regression was conducted to determine the structural change threshold for negative state transitions based on mining and positive state transitions based on reclamation. Furthermore, the impact factors of ecological stability were analyzed. Results showed that ecological stability fluctuated significantly over 16 years, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. It was found that precipitation and temperature were the key natural factors affecting ecological stability, and mining activities constituted the dominant factor. The average perturbation distances to ecological stability from mining activities in the west, southwest, and east mining groups were 7500, 5500, and 8000 m, respectively. SFSTM is appliable to the coal mining ecosystem. Quantitative models of ecological stability response can help resolve ambiguity about management efficacy and the ecological stability results facilitate iterative updating of knowledge by using monitoring data from coal mining areas. Moreover, the proposed ecological structural threshold provides a useful early warning tool, which can aid in the reduction of ecosystem uncertainty and avoid reverse transformations of the positive state in the coal mining areas.

Representing Polar Questions

Although the linguistic properties of polar questions have been extensively studied, comparatively little is known about how polar questions are processed in real time. In this paper, we report on three eye-tracking experiments on the processing of positive and negative polar questions in English and French. Our results show that in the early stages, participants pay attention to both positive and negative states of affairs for both positive and negative questions. In the late stages, positive and certain negative polar questions were associated with a bias for the positive state, and this bias appears to be pragmatic in nature. We suggest that different biases in mental representations reflect the hearer’s reasoning about the speaker’s purposes of enquiry.

Wordsworth’s self-composure

This essay examines William Wordsworth’s attraction to fractious and perplexing selfhood. Attending to the often overlooked riches of the Cornell edition of Wordsworth’s poetry, I argue that the poet’s sense of the self is more than a straightforward aspiration towards organic creation. Recent scholarship has cast Wordsworth’s processes of revision as an effort to create continuity between his past and present selves. Memory, in this respect, becomes an instrument to invest back into original moments of creation. It is my contention that Wordsworth is instead fascinated by a self that cannot be drawn together neatly. I also consider the psychological contexts of Wordsworth’s writing. Contemporary theorizations of memory were sometimes too quick in reforming the fragmentary aspects of memory into a positive state of unity. Wordsworth’s poetic and compositional practices, then, challenge the stricter divisions in the eighteenth century between undesirable and splintered forms of selfhood and the more unified kinds of self, which usually rely on fulfilling a telos. Teleological views of selfhood, in Wordsworth’s eyes, are insufficient to account for the contingencies and happenstance that are natural and attractive aspects of experience. As this essay suggests, his practice of revision often thrives on the unpredictable elements of composition and drawn on by an attraction to the unknown.

A Series of Papaya-Associated Salmonella Illness Outbreak Investigations in 2017 and 2019 – A Focus on Traceback, Laboratory, and Collaborative Efforts

In 2017 and 2019, five outbreaks of infections from multiple strains of Salmonella linked to the consumption of whole, fresh Maradol papayas were reported in the United States, resulting in 325 ill persons. Traceback, laboratory, and epidemiologic evidence indicated papayas as the likely vehicle for each of these outbreaks and identified the source of papayas. State and FDA laboratories recovered Salmonella from papaya samples from various points of distribution, including at import entry, and conducted serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. Federal and state partners led traceback investigations to determine the source of papayas. Four different suppliers of papayas were linked by traceback and laboratory results to five separate outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with papayas. In 2017, multiple states tested papaya samples collected at retail, and Maryland and Virginia investigators recovered strains of Salmonella associated with one outbreak. FDA collected 183 papaya samples in 2017, and 11 samples yielded 62 isolates of Salmonella. Eleven serotypes of Salmonella were recovered from FDA papaya samples, and nine serotypes were closely related genetically by PFGE and WGS to clinical isolates of four outbreaks, including the outbreak associated with positive state sample results. Four farms in Mexico were identified and their names were released to the general public, retailers, and foreign authorities. In 2019, FDA collected 119 papaya samples, three of which yielded Salmonella; none yielded the 2019 outbreak strain. Investigators determined that papayas of interest had been sourced from a single farm in Campeche, Mexico through traceback. This information was used to protect public health through public guidance, recalls, and import alerts and helped FDA collaborate with Mexican regulatory partners to enhance the food safety requirements for papayas imported from Mexico.

Using the Kübler-Ross Model of Grief with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): An Analysis of Manchester by the Sea

<p class="AbstractText">People may encounter different stages of grief during the course of bereavement, and not everyone can achieve a positive state of mind. This study intended to analyze how the characters in <em>Manchester by the Sea</em>, mainly Lee Chandler, Patrick Chandler, and Randi, manage their emotional responses when they are facing the loss of a loved one. The study used Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to analyze how these characters transition through their grief and whether they are likely to suffer from mental illness. Some people, like Randi and Patrick in the film, may recover from bereavement; however, some people, like Lee, may not, eventually becoming afflicted with mental illness or PTSD.</p>

Conditioned place preference of kisspeptin-10

INTRODUCTION: Kisspeptins (KISS), a group of brain neuropeptides are involved in sexual behavior. KISS activate the hypothalamic neurons that synthesize gonadotropin releasing hormone. KISS was also detected in the limbic system. Earlier, we showed the activation of sexual motivation after the administration of kisspeptin-10 without increasing the level of testosterone in male rats, which suggests the extrahypothalamic effect of KISS. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of aquisition of conditioned place preference of kisspeptin-10, as well as to study the emotional and investigational behavior in rats after intranasal peptide administration. METHODS: Conditioned place preference test (CPP), open field test (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used in male Wistar rats. RESULTS: When studying CPP, animals spent 78.6 6.3% of the time in the chamber associated with the administration of KISS compared to control animals with administration of physiological saline (51.2% of the experiment time; p 0.05). After kisspeptin-10 administration locomotor activity was 2-fold increased (p 0.05), and the number of sniffings was 2-fold increased too (p 0.05). The parameters did not significantly differ in animals treated with kisspeptin or saline in PCL. CONCLUSION: Thus repeated intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 induces the aquisition of CPP in rats. This suggests that kisspeptin-10 can cause activity in the reward system or the activation of brain regions associated with this system, which ultimately leads to the formation of an emotionally positive state.

Perjanjian Pembiayaan Leasing Terkait Hukum Jaminan Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Hukum Perjanjian Di Indonesia Dikaitkan Dengan Politik Hukum

Regulations that become positive state laws, when they are made, cannot be separated from political influence, both from the executive, legislative and social conditions. This factor affects the speed of regulation. This economic interests content includes those in power, owners of capital, or the community's interests. The history of regulation development in the legal politics behind the regulation include leasing and guarantees, starting from buying and selling in the Civil Code, guarantees when lending and borrowing up to the minister of Finance. How is the development of leasing and guarantee law, the laws that govern it and how the rule of law corridors to the regulatory needs of the development of treaties on assets are the focus of discussion in this journal article.Keywords: Leasing; Guarantee Law; Legal Politics AbstrakPeraturan yang menjadi hukum positif negara, saat dibuat tidak lepas dari pengaruh politik, baik pengaruh pihak eksekutif, legislatif dan kondisi sosial masyarakat. Anasir ini mempengaruhi cepat tidaknya suatu peraturan saat dibuat, muatan kepentingan ekonomi pemegang kekuasaan, pemilik modal ataupun kepentingan masyarakat. Sejarah perkembangan suatu peraturan dari waktu kewaktu, dapat terlihat politik hukum dibalik peraturan tersebut, misalkan ketentuan leasing dan jaminan, berawal dari jual-beli yang ada dalam KUHPerdata, jaminan saat pinjam meminjam sampai dengan Peraturan-peraturan Menteri Keuangan. Bagaimana perkembangan leasing dan hukum jaminan, perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya serta bagaimana koridor negara hukum terhadap kebutuhan peraturan dari perkembangan perjanjian-pejanjian dalam harta kekayaan menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam artikel jurnal ini.Kata Kunci: Leasing; Jaminan; Kebijakan Hukum

PHONETIC AND PSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO CONSIDERATION OF SPEECH PATHOLOGY "STUTTER"

Постановка задачи. В статье исследуется явление заикания с фонетической и психолингвистической точки зрения. Речевой ритм сравнительно недавно стал пристальным объектом исследования в фонетике и речеведении. Актуальные данные этих исследований не проникли в значительной степени в область логопедии. Рассматривается речевой ритм с точки зрения физиологии, нейролингвистики, психолингвистики. Данные о первичном усвоении параметров речевого ритма родного языка создают с точки зрения фонетики представление о «вписывании» артикуляционных движений в ритмическую матрицу слова и фразы. Нарушения же в реализации этой матрицы дают возможность проследить поведение артикуляционных комплексов при сбое ритмической основы. В работе описывается экспериментальное исследование нарушения речевого ритма как причина речевых ошибок (патологий). Результаты и выводы. Вербальные и невербальные компоненты используются при ритмизации речевой деятельности. Используются коррекционные приёмы, в результате которых возникает пролонгированное эмоционально положительное состояние и начинается произвольное использование новой речевой программы. Данное состояние вводится в процессе аутотренинга. Эмоционально комфортное состояние при использовании ритмизированной речи закрепляется на функциональных речевых тренировках. Речь идет об усилении речевого ритма родного языка без искажения его параметров. Problem statement. The article examines the phenomenon of stuttering from a phonetic and psycholinguistic point of view. Speech rhythm has recently become a close object of research in phonetics and speech. The actual data from these studies have not penetrated significantly into the field of speech therapy. The speech rhythm is considered from the point of view of physiology, neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics. Data on the primary assimilation of the parameters of the speech rhythm of the native language from the point of view of phonetics create the idea of "inscribing" articulatory movements into the rhythmic matrix of words and phrases. Violations in the implementation of this matrix make it possible to trace the behavior of articulatory complexes when the rhythmic basis fails. The paper describes an experimental study of speech rhythm disturbance as the cause of speech errors (pathologies). Results and conclusion. Verbal and non-verbal components are used to rhythmize speech activity. Corrective techniques are used, because of which a prolonged emotionally positive state arises, and the voluntary use of a new speech program begins. This state is introduced in the process of auto-training. Emotionally comfortable state when using rhythmized speech is fixed on functional speech training. We are talking about strengthening the speech rhythm of the native language without distorting its parameters.