0.5Ba([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3-0.5([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TiO3 (BZT–BST) has been explored in recent times for potential applications in energy harvesting, electrocaloric and energy storage. To this end, energy harvesting/conversion and storage applications require an understanding of the conduction and loss mechanisms. The conduction mechanism in BZT–BST ceramics is studied using impedance spectroscopy (IS) at 0.1 Hz−3 MHz and 100−600[Formula: see text]C. Impedance study reveals the presence of two types of relaxation processes due to grain and grain boundary contributions. The relaxation time and dc conductivity activation energies are obtained as 1.12/1.3 eV and 1.05/1.2eV for bulk/grain boundary, respectively, and found that oxygen vacancies dominated electrical behavior. The relaxation mechanism follows non-Debye-type behavior. The high resistance of the grain (bulk) in the ferroelectric region does not contribute to the high losses; the losses probably result from the phase transition. Also, BZT–BST ceramics exhibit a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behaviour. From a practical application point of view in the temperature regime of 25–65[Formula: see text]C, the loss’s contribution is low. The significant contributions of loss result from the response of phase-transition in this temperature range (25–65[Formula: see text]C).
Electrical conduction properties of the BZT–BST ceramics
