scholarly journals Olfactory subsystems associated with the necklace glomeruli in rodents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Zimmerman ◽  
Steven Munger
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Chemosensory Neurons ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Grueneberg Ganglion ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Necklace Glomeruli

The necklace glomeruli are a loosely defined group of glomeruli encircling the caudal main olfactory bulb in rodents. Initially defined by the expression of various immunohistochemical markers, they are now better understood in the context of the specialized chemosensory neurons of the main olfactory epithelium and Grueneberg ganglion that innervate them. It has become clear that the necklace region of the rodent main olfactory bulb is composed of multiple distinct groups of glomeruli, defined at least in part by their afferent inputs. In this review, we will explore the necklace glomeruli and the chemosensory neurons that innervate them.

scholarly journals Unique molecular markers for GC-D-expressing olfactory sensory neurons and chemosensory neurons of the Grueneberg ganglion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Arthur D. Zimmerman ◽  
Steven D. Munger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Chemosensory Neurons ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Grueneberg Ganglion ◽  
Necklace Glomeruli

ABSTRACTThe main olfactory bulb (MOB) is differentiated into subregions based on their innervation by molecularly distinct chemosensory neurons. For example, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that employ a cGMP-mediated transduction cascade – guanylyl-cyclase D-expressing (GC-D+) OSNs of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and chemosensory neurons of the Grueneberg ganglion (GGNs) – project to distinct groups of “necklace” glomeruli encircling the caudal MOB. To better understand the unique functionality and neural circuitry of the necklace glomeruli and their associated sensory neurons, we sought to identify additional molecular markers that would differentiate GC-D+ OSNs and GGNs as well as their target glomeruli. We found in mouse that GC-D+ OSNs, but not other MOE OSNs or GGNs, express the neuropeptide CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript). Both GC-D+ OSNs and GGNs, but not other MOE OSNs, express the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase Pde1a, which is immunolocalized throughout the dendrites, somata and axons of these neurons. Stronger Pde1a immunolabeling in necklace glomeruli innervated by GGNs than in those innervated by GC-D+ OSNs suggests either greater Pde1a expression in individual GGNs than in GC-D+ OSNs or a difference in sensory neuron innervation density between the two types of necklace glomeruli. Together, the unique molecular signatures of GC-D+ OSNs, GGNs and their MOB targets offer important tools for understanding the processing of chemosensory information by olfactory subsystems associated with the necklace glomeruli.

scholarly journals Extinction reverses olfactory fear-conditioned increases in neuron number and glomerular size

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (41) ◽  
pp. 12846-12851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomene G. Morrison ◽  
Brian G. Dias ◽  
Kerry J. Ressler
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Odor Stimulus ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odor Learning

Although much work has investigated the contribution of brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex to the processing of fear learning and memory, fewer studies have examined the role of sensory systems, in particular the olfactory system, in the detection and perception of cues involved in learning and memory. The primary sensory receptive field maps of the olfactory system are exquisitely organized and respond dynamically to cues in the environment, remaining plastic from development through adulthood. We have previously demonstrated that olfactory fear conditioning leads to increased odorant-specific receptor representation in the main olfactory epithelium and in glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. We now demonstrate that olfactory extinction training specific to the conditioned odor stimulus reverses the conditioning-associated freezing behavior and odor learning-induced structural changes in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb in an odorant ligand-specific manner. These data suggest that learning-induced freezing behavior, structural alterations, and enhanced neural sensory representation can be reversed in adult mice following extinction training.

scholarly journals Accessory olfactory bulb function is modulated by input from the main olfactory epithelium

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton Slotnick ◽  
Diego Restrepo ◽  
Heather Schellinck ◽  
Georgina Archbold ◽  
Stephen Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Accessory Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium

scholarly journals Distinct interhemispheric connectivity at the level of the olfactory bulb emerges during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Weiss ◽  
Paola Segoviano Arias ◽  
Thomas Offner ◽  
Sara Joy Hawkins ◽  
Thomas Hassenklöver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Water System ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odor Processing ◽  
Interhemispheric Connectivity ◽  
Receptor Neurons

AbstractDuring metamorphosis, the olfactory system of anuran tadpoles undergoes substantial restructuring. The main olfactory epithelium in the principal nasal cavity of Xenopus laevis tadpoles is associated with aquatic olfaction and transformed into the adult air-nose, while a new adult water-nose emerges in the middle cavity. Impacts of this metamorphic remodeling on odor processing, behavior, and network structure are still unexplored. Here, we used neuronal tracings, calcium imaging, and behavioral experiments to examine the functional connectivity between the epithelium and the main olfactory bulb during metamorphosis. In tadpoles, olfactory receptor neurons in the principal cavity project axons to glomeruli in the ventral main olfactory bulb. These projections are gradually replaced by receptor neuron axons from the newly forming middle cavity epithelium. Despite this reorganization in the ventral bulb, two spatially segregated odor processing streams remain undisrupted and behavioral responses to waterborne odorants are unchanged. Contemporaneously, new receptor neurons in the remodeling principal cavity innervate the emerging dorsal part of the bulb, which displays distinct wiring features. Glomeruli around its midline are innervated from the left and right nasal epithelia. Additionally, postsynaptic projection neurons in the dorsal bulb predominantly connect to multiple glomeruli, while half of projection neurons in the ventral bulb are uni-glomerular. Our results show that the “water system” remains functional despite metamorphic reconstruction. The network differences between the dorsal and ventral olfactory bulb imply a higher degree of odor integration in the dorsal main olfactory bulb. This is possibly connected with the processing of different odorants, airborne vs. waterborne.

scholarly journals Distinct interhemispheric connectivity at the level of the olfactory bulb emerges during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Weiss ◽  
Paola Segoviano Arias ◽  
Thomas Offner ◽  
Sara Joy Hawkins ◽  
Thomas Hassenkloever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Water System ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odor Processing ◽  
Interhemispheric Connectivity ◽  
Receptor Neurons

The olfactory system of anuran tadpoles requires substantial restructuring to adapt to the lifestyle of the adult frogs. Xenopus laevis tadpoles have a single main olfactory epithelium in the principal nasal cavity associated with aquatic olfaction. After metamorphosis, this epithelial surface is transformed into the adult air-nose and a new epithelium, the adult water-nose, is present in the middle cavity. Impacts of this massive remodeling on odor processing, behavior and network structure are still unexplored. In the present study, we used neuronal tracings, calcium imaging and a behavioral assay to examine the functional connectivity between the epithelium and the main olfactory bulb during metamorphosis. In tadpoles, olfactory receptor neurons in the principal cavity epithelium project axons to glomeruli in the ventral main olfactory bulb. During metamorphosis, these projections are gradually replaced by receptor neuron axons emerging from the newly forming middle cavity epithelium. Despite this metamorphotic reorganization in the ventral bulb, two spatially and functionally segregated odor processing streams remain undisrupted. In line with this, metamorphotic rewiring does not alter behavioral responses to waterborne odorants. Contemporaneously, newly formed receptor neurons in the remodeling principal cavity epithelium project their axons to the dorsal part of the bulb. The emerging neuronal networks of the dorsal and ventral main olfactory bulb show substantial differences. Glomeruli around the midline of the dorsal bulb are innervated from the left and right nasal epithelia. In addition, postsynaptic projection neurons in the dorsal bulb predominantly have smaller tufts and connect to multiple glomeruli, while more than half of projection neurons in the ventral bulb have a single, bigger tuft. Our results show that during the metamorphotic reconstruction of the olfactory network the water system remains functional. Differences of the neuronal network of the dorsal and ventral olfactory bulb imply that a higher degree of odor integration takes place in the dorsal main olfactory bulb. This is likely connected with the processing of different odorants, airborne vs. waterborne, in these two parts of the olfactory bulb.

Immunocytochemical localization of the GABAB2 receptor subunit in the glomeruli of the mouse main olfactory bulb

2006 ◽  
Vol 402 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kratskin ◽  
Natalia Kenigfest ◽  
Jean Paul Rio ◽  
Chakib Djediat ◽  
Jacques Repérant
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb
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