scholarly journals Unique molecular markers for GC-D-expressing olfactory sensory neurons and chemosensory neurons of the Grueneberg ganglion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Arthur D. Zimmerman ◽  
Steven D. Munger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Chemosensory Neurons ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Grueneberg Ganglion ◽  
Necklace Glomeruli

ABSTRACTThe main olfactory bulb (MOB) is differentiated into subregions based on their innervation by molecularly distinct chemosensory neurons. For example, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that employ a cGMP-mediated transduction cascade – guanylyl-cyclase D-expressing (GC-D+) OSNs of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and chemosensory neurons of the Grueneberg ganglion (GGNs) – project to distinct groups of “necklace” glomeruli encircling the caudal MOB. To better understand the unique functionality and neural circuitry of the necklace glomeruli and their associated sensory neurons, we sought to identify additional molecular markers that would differentiate GC-D+ OSNs and GGNs as well as their target glomeruli. We found in mouse that GC-D+ OSNs, but not other MOE OSNs or GGNs, express the neuropeptide CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript). Both GC-D+ OSNs and GGNs, but not other MOE OSNs, express the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase Pde1a, which is immunolocalized throughout the dendrites, somata and axons of these neurons. Stronger Pde1a immunolabeling in necklace glomeruli innervated by GGNs than in those innervated by GC-D+ OSNs suggests either greater Pde1a expression in individual GGNs than in GC-D+ OSNs or a difference in sensory neuron innervation density between the two types of necklace glomeruli. Together, the unique molecular signatures of GC-D+ OSNs, GGNs and their MOB targets offer important tools for understanding the processing of chemosensory information by olfactory subsystems associated with the necklace glomeruli.

scholarly journals Olfactory subsystems associated with the necklace glomeruli in rodents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Zimmerman ◽  
Steven Munger
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Chemosensory Neurons ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Grueneberg Ganglion ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Necklace Glomeruli

The necklace glomeruli are a loosely defined group of glomeruli encircling the caudal main olfactory bulb in rodents. Initially defined by the expression of various immunohistochemical markers, they are now better understood in the context of the specialized chemosensory neurons of the main olfactory epithelium and Grueneberg ganglion that innervate them. It has become clear that the necklace region of the rodent main olfactory bulb is composed of multiple distinct groups of glomeruli, defined at least in part by their afferent inputs. In this review, we will explore the necklace glomeruli and the chemosensory neurons that innervate them.

scholarly journals Renewal and Differentiation of GCD Necklace Olfactory Sensory Neurons

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lissitsyna Bloom ◽  
Lucille B Johnston ◽  
Sandeep Robert Datta
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Horizontal Migration ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Β Tubulin

Abstract Both canonical olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and sensory neurons belonging to the guanylate cyclase D (GCD) “necklace” subsystem are housed in the main olfactory epithelium, which is continuously bombarded by toxins, pathogens, and debris from the outside world. Canonical OSNs address this challenge, in part, by undergoing renewal through neurogenesis; however, it is not clear whether GCD OSNs also continuously regenerate and, if so, whether newborn GCD precursors follow a similar developmental trajectory to that taken by canonical OSNs. Here, we demonstrate that GCD OSNs are born throughout adulthood and can persist in the epithelium for several months. Phosphodiesterase 2A is upregulated early in the differentiation process, followed by the sequential downregulation of β-tubulin and the upregulation of CART protein. The GCD and MS4A receptors that confer sensory responses upon GCD neurons are initially expressed midway through this process but become most highly expressed once CART levels are maximal late in GCD OSN development. GCD OSN maturation is accompanied by a horizontal migration of neurons toward the central, curved portions of the cul-de-sac regions where necklace cells are concentrated. These findings demonstrate that—like their canonical counterparts—GCD OSNs undergo continuous renewal and define a GCD-specific developmental trajectory linking neurogenesis, maturation, and migration.

scholarly journals Cholinergic microvillous cells in the mouse main olfactory epithelium and effect of acetylcholine on olfactory sensory neurons and supporting cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ogura ◽  
Steven A. Szebenyi ◽  
Kurt Krosnowski ◽  
Aaron Sathyanesan ◽  
Jacqueline Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium

The mammalian olfactory epithelium is made up of ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), supporting cells, basal cells, and microvillous cells. Previously, we reported that a population of nonneuronal microvillous cells expresses transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5). Using transgenic mice and immunocytochemical labeling, we identify that these cells are cholinergic, expressing the signature markers of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. This result suggests that acetylcholine (ACh) can be synthesized and released locally to modulate activities of neighboring supporting cells and OSNs. In Ca2+ imaging experiments, ACh induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels in 78% of isolated supporting cells tested in a concentration-dependent manner. Atropine, a muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist suppressed the ACh responses. In contrast, ACh did not induce or potentiate Ca2+ increases in OSNs. Instead ACh suppressed the Ca2+ increases induced by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin in some OSNs. Supporting these results, we found differential expression of mAChR subtypes in supporting cells and OSNs using subtype-specific antibodies against M1 through M5 mAChRs. Furthermore, we found that various chemicals, bacterial lysate, and cold saline induced Ca2+ increases in TRPM5/ChAT-expressing microvillous cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TRPM5/ChAT-expressing microvillous cells react to certain chemical or thermal stimuli and release ACh to modulate activities of neighboring supporting cells and OSNs via mAChRs. Our studies reveal an intrinsic and potentially potent mechanism linking external stimulation to cholinergic modulation of activities in the olfactory epithelium.

scholarly journals Semiochemical responsive olfactory sensory neurons are sexually dimorphic and plastic

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashutosh Vihani ◽  
Xiaoyang Serene Hu ◽  
Sivaji Gundala ◽  
Sachiko Koyama ◽  
Eric Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Distinct Cell

Understanding how genes and experience work in concert to generate phenotypic variability will provide a better understanding of individuality. Here, we considered this in the main olfactory epithelium, a chemosensory structure with over a thousand distinct cell types in mice. We identified a subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons, defined by receptor expression, whose abundances were sexually dimorphic. This subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons was over-represented in sex-separated mice and robustly responsive to sex-specific semiochemicals. Sex-combined housing led to an attenuation of the dimorphic representations. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed an axis of activity-dependent gene expression amongst a subset of the dimorphic OSN populations. Finally, the pro-apoptotic gene Baxwas necessary to generate the dimorphic representations. Altogether, our results suggest a role of experience and activity in influencing homeostatic mechanisms to generate a robust sexually dimorphic phenotype in the main olfactory epithelium.

scholarly journals Semiochemical responsive olfactory sensory neurons are sexually dimorphic and plastic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashutosh Vihani ◽  
Xiaoyang Serene Hu ◽  
Sivaji Gundala ◽  
Sachiko Koyama ◽  
Eric Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractUnderstanding how genes and experiences work in concert to generate phenotypic variability will provide a better understanding of individuality. Here, we considered this in the context of the main olfactory epithelium, a chemosensory structure with over a thousand distinct cell-types, in mice. We identified a subpopulation of at least three types of olfactory sensory neurons, defined by receptor expression, whose abundances were sexually dimorphic. This subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons was over-represented in sex-separated female mice and responded robustly to the male-specific semiochemicals 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothaizole and (methylthio)methanethiol. Sex-combined housing led to a robust attenuation of the female over-representation. Testing of Bax null mice revealed a Bax-dependence in generating the sexual dimorphism in sex-separated mice. Altogether, our results suggest a profound role of experience in influencing homeostatic neural lifespan mechanisms to generate a robust sexually dimorphic phenotype in the main olfactory epithelium.

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