The review on Epidemiology, Prevention, Control and Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections

Nosocomial infection or hospital associated infections occur to the patients who are admitted inside the hospital. This occurs both in developed and developing countries with a measure of 7% in developed and 10% in developing countries. According to WHO, as this infection occurs after 48 hours of hospital admission so it prolongs the duration of the admission and it increases the economic burden. There is most common aetiology of nosocomial infections are catheter induced infection, surgical sight infections and ventilation associated infections. According to WHO upper respiratory tract infection is the most common nosocomial infections. Nosocomial pathogens are bacteria, Virus and funguses. Patient acquired this infection through hospital environments and people who are surrounded the patients, so in prevention, discontinuation of the transmission chain is very important. Hospital waste is a possible source of contaminants and 20-25% of the sources are dangerous. Nosocomial infections can be managed by a policy for disease prevention, the use of antibiotics and surveillance about antibiotic resistance and the implementation of antibiotic management policies. A good protocol and surveillance system can reduce the Nosocomial infections. This is a detail review of 5 years on epidemiology, prevention, control and surveillance of Nosocomial infections or Hospital associated infections