Multisensory integration: Inverse effectiveness and noisy signals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Paul Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Inverse Effectiveness ◽  
Noisy Signals

This brief commentary criticises the use of flawed statistical methods in the paper by Kayser and colleagues (2010), published in Current Biology. The commentary was not accepted for publication, despite broad agreement that the statistical methods were indeed flawed. Reviews and responses are included with the main text.

scholarly journals Naming and Renaming Texts: Rubrics in Middle High German Miscellany Manuscripts

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fernández Riva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts

This article analyses rubrics in Middle High German miscellany manuscripts of short texts in rhyming couplets (Reimpaargedichte). A corpus consisting of 1433 rubrics from 68 manuscripts was created to be able to perform this study. As rubrics in medieval manuscripts were not authorial, but composed by scribes, they offer insights into the reception of the texts. This paper analyses their features and functions as a proxy to interrogate the standing and status of Reimpaargedichte between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The main methodology is distant reading, i.e. the application and interpretation of statistical methods on a textual corpus. The features analyzed include the length of the rubrics, their level of variation, the presence of author names, and vocabulary. Although no general patterns regarding length nor level of variation were detected, some important conclusions can be drawn: 1. there were no clear markers of literary genre in rubrics; 2. authorship was mostly absent, except for some specific cases of famous authors; 3. relatively stable keywords were used to identify particular texts, but they were more common in manuscripts with narrative texts (Erzählungen) and less common in later manuscripts dominated by the genre known as Minnereden. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that rubrics used a series of linguistic procedures to show that they participated in a different speech act than the main text – they embodied an interaction between scribes and readers, in which the former framed the reception of the work.

scholarly journals A cellular mechanism for inverse effectiveness in multisensory integration

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torrey LS Truszkowski ◽  
Oscar A Carrillo ◽  
Julia Bleier ◽  
Carolina M Ramirez-Vizcarrondo ◽  
Daniel L Felch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Inverse Effectiveness ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Multisensory Enhancement ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Synaptic Responses

To build a coherent view of the external world, an organism needs to integrate multiple types of sensory information from different sources, a process known as multisensory integration (MSI). Previously, we showed that the temporal dependence of MSI in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis tadpoles is mediated by the network dynamics of the recruitment of local inhibition by sensory input (Felch et al., 2016). This was one of the first cellular-level mechanisms described for MSI. Here, we expand this cellular level view of MSI by focusing on the principle of inverse effectiveness, another central feature of MSI stating that the amount of multisensory enhancement observed inversely depends on the size of unisensory responses. We show that non-linear summation of crossmodal synaptic responses, mediated by NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDARs) activation, form the cellular basis for inverse effectiveness, both at the cellular and behavioral levels.

scholarly journals Author response: A cellular mechanism for inverse effectiveness in multisensory integration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torrey LS Truszkowski ◽  
Oscar A Carrillo ◽  
Julia Bleier ◽  
Carolina M Ramirez-Vizcarrondo ◽  
Daniel L Felch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Inverse Effectiveness

scholarly journals Challenges in quantifying multisensory integration: alternative criteria, models, and inverse effectiveness

2009 ◽  
Vol 198 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry E. Stein ◽  
Terrence R. Stanford ◽  
Ramnarayan Ramachandran ◽  
Thomas J. Perrault ◽  
Benjamin A. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Inverse Effectiveness

scholarly journals Greater benefits of multisensory integration during complex sensorimotor transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 3135-3143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena N. Buchholz ◽  
Samanthi C. Goonetilleke ◽  
W. Pieter Medendorp ◽  
Brian D. Corneil
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Inverse Effectiveness ◽  
Sensorimotor Transformations ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
The Cost

Multisensory integration enables rapid and accurate behavior. To orient in space, sensory information registered initially in different reference frames has to be integrated with the current postural information to produce an appropriate motor response. In some postures, multisensory integration requires convergence of sensory evidence across hemispheres, which would presumably lessen or hinder integration. Here, we examined orienting gaze shifts in humans to visual, tactile, or visuotactile stimuli when the hands were either in a default uncrossed posture or a crossed posture requiring convergence across hemispheres. Surprisingly, we observed the greatest benefits of multisensory integration in the crossed posture, as indexed by reaction time (RT) decreases. Moreover, such shortening of RTs to multisensory stimuli did not come at the cost of increased error propensity. To explain these results, we propose that two accepted principles of multisensory integration, the spatial principle and inverse effectiveness, dynamically interact to aid the rapid and accurate resolution of complex sensorimotor transformations. First, early mutual inhibition of initial visual and tactile responses registered in different hemispheres reduces error propensity. Second, inverse effectiveness in the integration of the weakened visual response with the remapped tactile representation expedites the generation of the correct motor response. Our results imply that the concept of inverse effectiveness, which is usually associated with external stimulus properties, might extend to internal spatial representations that are more complex given certain body postures.

scholarly journals Independent Multisensory Integration and Crossmodal Attention Processing: Evidence from Audiovisual Gender Congruency Tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guochun Yang ◽  
Di Fu ◽  
Li Zhenghan ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Honghui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Crossmodal Attention ◽  
Inverse Effectiveness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speeded Classification

Multisensory integration and crossmodal attention are two of the basic mechanisms in processing multisensory inputs, and they are usually mixed. Whether these two processes are dependent or independent remains controversial. To examine the relationship between multisensory integration and crossmodal attention, we adopted modified multilevel audiovisual gender judgment paradigms and evaluated the congruency effects in reaction time (RT) and the inverse effectiveness (IE) effects. If they were dependent, the occurrence of one effect would be accompanied with that of the other. Using both morphed faces and voices, we first performed a speeded classification task, in which participants were either asked to attend to faces (experiment 1a) or attend to voices (experiment 1b); then, we performed an unspeeded rating task with faces as the targets (experiment 2). We observed both a congruency effect in RT and an IE effect in experiment 1a, a congruency effect in RT alone in experiment 1b, and an IE effect alone in experiment 2. These results indicate that the two processes are independent of each other.

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