‘Man carries all animals within himself’

This article addresses Rubens’s perspective on the human-animal by focusing on the satyr as one of his favourite mythological characters. This profoundly liminal being appears in a variety of roles throughout his oeuvre, including several paintings that remained in his private collection. In some of them, the satyr is primarily a figure for unbridled lustfulness and sensuality. In many others, however, this hybrid creature appears to hold the key to some of the mysteries of nature itself. Another facet of this analysis concerns the long-standing connection between this mythological character and literary satire. Rubens’s satyr-themed images bear a number of salient qualities of this literary genre as one that destabilizes boundaries: between the beautiful and the repulsive, the tragic and the comical, the sublime and the grotesque.

Perbandingan Penerbitan dan Harga Buku Mengikut Genre di Malaysia dan Jepun Menggunakan Data Akses Terbuka dan Simulasi Monte Carlo

[The article is written in Bahasa Malaysia] Reading habits are often associated with an increased cognitive level. However, book genre can also affect the cognitive level. This is because different book genres can be attributed to different type of knowledge and tendency towards a specific book genre can be viewed as a preference toward a specific type of knowledge. Research on Malaysian’s interest and the tendency towards book genre and type of knowledge can be investigated using the publication data of each book genre and its prices. The objective of this research is to analyze and compare the book publications and the average price of each book’s genre in Malaysia with Japan. Comparison was done based on book categorization genre strategy to 12 book genre. Based on Monte Carlo simulation method data, Malaysians are attracted to book genre on Language, literature, and science. While the Japanese are more interested in the book genre of social sciences and hobbies/art. The similarity between Malaysian and Japanese are that both societies also favors book genre of literature. However, it is possible that the themes of literary genre in Japan and Malaysia are very different. The result of this study can be used to identify the differences between Malaysian and Japanese reading habits as well as used for formulating strategies to changed Malaysian reading habits toward the style of Japanese reading habits.

AUTOFIGURACIONES: DE LA FICCIÓN AL PACTO DE NO FICCIÓN

Partiendo de una concepción del género literario como resultado de casillas vacías que la creación literaria impone a la teoría como desafío, este estudio intenta avanzar de modo diferente al de la conocida como Autoficción, precisando mi propuesta avanzada en 2010 sobre Figuraciones del yo. Entre las que ahora denomino Autofiguraciones enumero algunas muy presentes en la literatura de hoy en las que, al igual que ocurre con los relatos de la Shoah de Primo Levi, desarrollan un pathos por el cual el autor compromete experiencias que piden ser leídas como no ficcionales para alcanzar una lectura feliz. El estudio se refiere a obras recientes de diferentes autores que han partido de las Grief Memoir o libros de duelo (por la muerte de padre, madre o hijos) que sobrepasan con mucho cualquier ambigüedad respecto al dolor originario. La segunda parte del estudio desarrolla la tesis de que no toda invención imaginaria pide ser leída como ficción, y que incluso en pactos autobiográficos que nacen deconstructivos (como los de Barthes o Roth) hay mecanismos de referencia, como las fotos, que quieren evadirse de la cárcel del lenguaje. Tanto la multiplicación de detalles sensoriales como un especial juego con el tiempo de la memoria, ahondan en la misma dirección. A partir del concepto bajtiniano de cronotopo externo preciso que toda decisión sobre Ficción/No ficción en las autofiguraciones debe dirimirse de modo pragmático. Avanzo que en obras como las analizadas hay pactos de no ficción que permiten, al contrario que las ficcionales, que puedan formularse desde el que llamo tu autobiográfico reproches posibles sobre olvidos, silencios o mendacidades. ABSTRACT: Beginning with a conception of the literary genre as a result of empty boxes that literary creation imposes on theory as a challenge, this study aims to advance in a different way from the one known as Autofiction, specifying my prior proposal in 2010 on Figuraciones del yo. Among the ones I now call Autofigurations, I list some very present in today's literature in which, as it happens with the stories of the Shoah by Primo Levi, they develop a pathos by which the author compromises experiences that ask to be read as non-fictional in order to achieve a happy reading. This study refers to recent works by different authors who have started from the Grief Memoirs or books of mourning (for the death of a father, mother or children) that go far beyond any ambiguity regarding the original pain. The second part of the study develops the thesis that not every imaginary invention asks to be read as fiction, and that even in autobiographical pacts that are born deconstructive (like those of Barthes or Roth) there are referential mechanisms, like photos, that want to escape from the prison of language. Both the multiplication of sensory details and a special game with the time of memory go in the same direction. From Bakhtin’s concept of external chronotope, it is clear that any decision on fiction/non-fiction in self-portraits must be made pragmatically. I warn that in works such as those analysed there are non-fiction pacts that allow, unlike fictional works, possible reproaches about forgetfulness, silence or mendacity to be formulated from what I call the autobiographical-you. Abstract: Beginning with a conception of literary genre as the result of empty boxes that literary creation imposes on theory as a challenge, this study attempts to move forward in a different way to that of what is known as Autofiction. Among what I now call Autofigurations, I list some very present in current literature which, starting from the Grief Memoir, develop a pathos on which they ask to be read as non-fictional. The second part of the study develops this thesis that not every imaginary invention asks to be read as fiction, pointing out mechanisms of reference, such as photographs, that want to escape from the prison of language. Based on Bakhtin’s concept of the external chronotope, it is clear that any decision on fiction/non-fiction in self-figurations must be made pragmatically. In works such as those analysed, there are non-fictional pacts which, unlike fictional ones, allow us to formulate, from what I call the autobiographical-you, possible objections to forgetfulness, silences or mendacities.

Naming and Renaming Texts: Rubrics in Middle High German Miscellany Manuscripts

This article analyses rubrics in Middle High German miscellany manuscripts of short texts in rhyming couplets (Reimpaargedichte). A corpus consisting of 1433 rubrics from 68 manuscripts was created to be able to perform this study. As rubrics in medieval manuscripts were not authorial, but composed by scribes, they offer insights into the reception of the texts. This paper analyses their features and functions as a proxy to interrogate the standing and status of Reimpaargedichte between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The main methodology is distant reading, i.e. the application and interpretation of statistical methods on a textual corpus. The features analyzed include the length of the rubrics, their level of variation, the presence of author names, and vocabulary. Although no general patterns regarding length nor level of variation were detected, some important conclusions can be drawn: 1. there were no clear markers of literary genre in rubrics; 2. authorship was mostly absent, except for some specific cases of famous authors; 3. relatively stable keywords were used to identify particular texts, but they were more common in manuscripts with narrative texts (Erzählungen) and less common in later manuscripts dominated by the genre known as Minnereden. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that rubrics used a series of linguistic procedures to show that they participated in a different speech act than the main text – they embodied an interaction between scribes and readers, in which the former framed the reception of the work.

THE EFFECT OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL REALISM (AL-MAŻHAB AL-WĀQI’Ī) TOWARD MODERN ARABIC LITERATURE / PENGARUH ALIRAN REALISME (AL-MAŻHAB AL-WĀQI’Ī) BARAT TERHADAP SASTRA ARAB MODERN

This study aims to find out the intricacies of philosophical realism (al-Mażhab al-Wāqi’ī) and its influence on modern Arabic literature. It is undeniable that literary genre that grew up in the west have had a great influence on the development of literature in the world, including Arabic. This research was a literature review that used a qualitative descriptive method by examining and reviewing several related literature. The result showed that realism emerged as a response to the romanticism philosophy which tends to the subjectivity of writers and the depiction of objects that are full of imagination. Furthermore, the western realism has also influenced modern Arabic literature, both poetry and prose. Realism made Arabic poets aware that love poems were no longer relevant to the reality of the people who were in the midst of crisis due to colonialism. Writers began to invigorate the principles of statehood, nationality, and humanity. However, the adoption of western realism, in some aspects, is contrary to Islamic values. This philosophy directs literature towards materialism, atheism, fulfillment of physical needs, and so on.

Examination of text's lexis using a Polish dictionary

This paper presents an approach to compare and classify books written in the Polish language by comparing their lexis fields. Books can be classified by their features, such as literature type, literary genre, style, author, etc. Using a preassembled dictionary and Jaccard index, we managed to prove a compact hypothesis concerning similar books. Further analysis with the PAM clustering algorithm presented a lexical connection between books of the same type or author. Overall static behaviour of similarities of any particular field on one side and some anomalous tendencies in other cases suggest that recognition of other features is possible. The method presented in this article allows drawing conclusions regarding the connection between any arbitrary books based solely on their vocabulary.

“Royal Show” in Qohelet 2:1–11. A māšal – a Mind Exercise

Much has been written on the so-called royal fiction in Qoheleth. Generally speaking, scholars agree that it is a literary fiction. However, there is no unanimity as far as the interpretation of its role in the Book is concerned. Some would claim that it expresses a hidden critique of monarchy, while others would argue that it is veiled praise of royal institutions. It is striking, though, that commentators rarely recognize the literary genre of the part concerned. The article offers a different approach to the interpretative challenge it presents. It mainly focuses on the core pericope of the royal part – Qoh 2:1–11 – determining its genre as a māšal. It is a “royal show” craftily fashioned by a brilliant teacher Qoheleth. It is meant to be a mind exercise helping the wisdom searcher to reflect upon his own mindset, goals, and expectations.

„Powiastki cmentarne” Bolesława Prusa — literatura grozy na miarę drugiej połowy XIX wieku?

The article addresses the problem of identifying and defining the functions of selected horror genre traits in Bolesław Prus’ story Powiastki cmentarne. In this short narrative form, referring subtly to Gothic style, not only the basic intention of raising the dread in the recipient, but also the need to address metaphysical issues are noticeable, which are usually excluded from reflection on the positivistic literature. Particular attention in this work is given to the literary genre used by the writer, which is a hybrid of a philosophical fiction with a Gothic one, and the influence this form has on the final tone of the work.

DOCUMENTALITY AND ARTISTRY OF “SMALL STORIES” BY V.S. BAEVSKY (BASED ON THE MATERIAL “LIFE AFTER (SMALL STORIES)”)

The article deals with the problem of the ratio of documentary and fiction in a special literary genre of non-fiction based on the work “Life after (small stories)” by the philologist V.S. Baevsky. The study of the genre of non-fiction remains relevant for literary studies, and this problem, studied on the material of V.S. Baevsky's prose, has not previously become a subject for study. Within the framework of the proposed research, it is concluded that the documentary accuracy of historical events, geographical names, and the appeal to real personalities reflected in the work do not deny the artistic authenticity of the work. At the same time, the facts of history, personal biography of the author and his relatives are organically woven into the verbal fabric of the narrative. The family is presented against the background of the most important historical events (war, evacuation, perestroika), which indicates the inextricable connection between the fate of a person and the fate of the country. This allows Baevsky, on the one hand, to analyze his life path, on the other - to show a person of a transitional era and the historical reality in which he found himself. In the work, the author actively turns to literary techniques that promote artistic expressiveness and imagery, create an artistic world of “small stories”.