Low flow extremes are natural phenomena that have amplitudes lower than the average low flow on a river basin brought about by severe droughts that hamper sustainable development in the basin (e.g. agricultural damage, water supply shortage). The study aimed to establish a probabilistic picture of extreme Low flow-Duration-Frequency (QDF) relationships in the Blue Nile basin. A 3-arc seconds (approximately 90m at the equator) digital elevation model (DEM) that covers the Blue Nile basin from CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90m database were downloaded and used in the delineations. The distribution parameters and aggregation levels were calibrated in a combined manner in deriving the QDF relationships accounting for their return period. Hence, the QDF relationship comprises the multi-duration and multi-frequency characterisation of observed extreme values. The amplitude of low flow discharge in Blue Nile basin is phenomenally varying with catchment area, hence, accurate and representative design of QDF curves should be created in order to prevent over and under estimation of design discharge values. Low-flow-duration-frequency models represent the watershed drought regime which can be used to predetermine low-flow characteristics of a catchment. The QDF models developed in this study can be a useful tool in terms of amount and duration of water abstraction during dry period in an area.
Flow duration and low-flow characteristics of selected Arkansas streams