PROCES „INKI” W ŚWIETLE ÓWCZESNEGO PRAWA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olczyk ◽  
Mateusz Król
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

Danuta „Inka” Siedzik was a nurse. During the Second World War she belonged to the HomeArmy and to the independence organizations, which fighted with communist rule after the war.She was sentenced to death penalty and shot in jail in Gdańsk at the age of 17 for her service andfight. She belongs to cursed soldiers, that means activists of anti-communist underground. Althoughshe died in 1946, her memory has been cultivated only for a dozen or so years.The aim of the article was an analyze of documents and interpret of legal regulations, whichapplied to Inka’ case. In the article compared content of the documents with regulations and thattime. No moral judgment was made on the court’s decision, but were presented only the facts.

Hendrik Draye, tegenstander van de uitvoering van de doodstraf

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Luc Vandeweyer
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World ◽  
Young Professor

Hendrik Draye, opponent of the carrying out of the death penaltyIn this annotated and extensively contextualised source edition, Luc Vandeweyer deals with the period of repression after the Second World War. In June 1948, after the execution of two hundred collaboration-suspects in Belgium, the relatively young linguistics professor at the Catholic University of Leuven, Hendrik Draye, proposed, on humanitarian grounds, a Manifesto against the carrying out of the death penalty. Some colleagues, as well as some influential personalities outside the university, reacted positively; some colleagues were rather hesitant; most of them rejected the text. In the end, the initiative foundered because of the emphatic dissuasion by the head of university, who wanted to protect his university and, arguably, the young professor Draeye. The general public’s demand for revenge had not yet abated by then; moreover, the unstable government at that time planned a reorientation of the penal policy, which made a polarization undesirable. Nevertheless, Luc Vandeweyer concludes, "the opportunity for an important debate on the subject had been missed".

scholarly journals Declared and Undeclared Wars

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
René Värk
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Extra Weight ◽  
Second World

AbstractOccasionally, people characterise foreign military interventions as “undeclared wars”. It is not entirely clear what is the meaning and value of such a qualification, but it seems that they want to add an extra weight to their condemnation. Still, does it have legal significance? At times, international law demanded that States issued a declaration of war before the commencement of hostilities but the obligation was mostly ignored for varied reasons. Notably, between two world wars, States avoided certain legal obligations (e.g. the prohibition to use war, the rules of warfare) by not declaring or otherwise recognising a state of war. After the Second World War, considering the earlier abuses, States redesigned the international legal regulations in a way that the declaration of war became practically irrelevant when it comes to the legality or illegality of the use of armed force, or to the application of law.

scholarly journals Currency Reforms in the Polish State After 1945. Legaleconomic Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Robert Jastrzębski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
World War ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Socialist Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World ◽  
Periodic Changes

Abstract The subject of the article are currency reforms that were carried out after the Second World War in the Polish state. The first legal regulations from 1944 - 45 concerned the unification of the money circulation, which in practice meant the exchange of occupation money for the new currency. However, the repayment of financial claims made before the outbreak of the war was regulated by a decree of 1949. Another monetary reform concerned the new, socialist economic policy of the Polish state. The basis for it was the Act of October 28, 1950 on the change of the monetary system. After this reform, periodic changes in prices and wages were introduced, which were not based on strictly legislative solutions. In practice, these ordinances were in the nature of new monetary reforms. The Act of 1950 was repealed by the Act of 7 July 1994 on the denomination of the zloty.

scholarly journals Republicans, Martyrology, and the Death Penalty in Britain and Ireland, 1939–1990

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matthew Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
National Security ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between politically motivated murder, martyrdom, and the death penalty in Britain and Ireland in the period from 1939 to 1990. First, it investigates the nexus between historical experience and memory, political martyrdom, and capital punishment as it applied to Irish Republicans in Britain during the Second World War. Secondly, it examines the use of extraordinary legal powers to impose the death penalty in the Irish state during the “Emergency,” and charts the processes through which the threat of capital punishment continued to be perceived as an essential instrument of security in both Irish jurisdictions in the postwar period. Thirdly, it evaluates the effectiveness of the death penalty in deterring politically motivated murder and explores the anomalous, paradoxical decision to abolish capital punishment at the height of subversive killing in Northern Ireland. The essay concludes that the national security issue and the potential martyrdom of Irish Republicans were pivotal factors in dissuading successive British governments from reintroducing the death penalty for politically motivated offenses in Britain and Northern Ireland.

Gender and the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peniston-Bird ◽  
Emma Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World
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