The economical growth in Kosovo a challenge to environmental preservation in the Republic of Koso

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzhdi Matoshi ◽  
Besa Veseli
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ulfatun Najicha ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani

<p>Abstract<br />The purpose of this study was to determine the legal politics in the formation of forestry legislation in licensing mining activities in forest areas in terms of environmental management strategy that is based on justice. This research is juridical doctrinal nature descriptive, with a qualitative approach. The method used by Approach legislation (statute approach) and the conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The collection of primary data and secondary data relating to the regulation of forest management in order to policy in forestry management as a whole can be categorized as forest politics. Political laws of occupation and use of natural resources has been regulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, but the regulation on the management of natural resources, particularly forests that produce injustice. Even away from the sense of justice as referred to in the preamble Homeland 1945. One of the causes of injustice and abuse is the number of mining permits opening of forest destruction in violation of the principle of sustainability. Second, the law should be synergy policy in the licensing of mining activities in forest areas, the Act No. 41 1999 is still there (overlapping) overlapping the utilization of forest between mining and forestry activities are still unresolved and still occur in some areas. Similarly, Law No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal are not yet fully support bersinergis natural keletarian remain legalize many dredging coal mines, then the Law 32 of 2009 requires the use of natural resources that is in harmony, and balanced with environmental functions. There is a duality of government policy, in which one side seeks to protect protected areas and establish rules to preserve it, but on the other hand opened up opportunities for the protected forest area exploited. Policy or program development must be animated by the obligation to make environmental preservation and realize the goal of sustainable development. Third Act Issuer within the framework of law should not stand alone because it is still in the realm of environmental law which means it is very closely related to the Forestry Law and the Environment. Hence the need for a policy formulation based Green Legislation overarching governance for sustainable forest and justice in a single Regulation.</p><p>Keywords: Politics, Law, Management of Forests, Mines, preservation, Justice.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui politik hukum dalam pembentukan perundang-undangan kehutanan  dalam  pemberian  izin  kegiatan  pertambangan  di  kawasan  hutan  ditinjau  dari  strategi pengelolaan lingkungan hidup yang berkeadilan.Penelitian  ini merupakan penelitian yuridis doktrinal yang  bersifat  diskriptif,  dengan  pendekatan  kualitatif.  Metode  yang  dipakai  melalui  Pendekatan peraturanperundang-undangan(statuteapproach)  danpendekatankonseptual(conceptualapproach). Pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan peraturan pengelolaan kawasan hutan agar tetap lestari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, Politik dimaknai sebagai suatu kebijakan maka, kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan kehutanan secara utuh dapat dikategorikan sebagai  politik kehutanan.  Politikhukum  penguasaan  danpemanfaatansumberdayaalam  telah  diatur dalam  Undang-Undang  Dasar  Negara Kesatuan  RepublikIndonesiaTahun1945,  namun pengaturan tentang  pengelolaan  sumber  daya  alam,  khususnya  hutan  yang  menghasilkan  ketidakadilan. Bahkanjauhdarirasakeadilanmasyarakatseperti  yangdimaksuddalamPembukaan  UUD  NKRI1945. Salah satu penyebab ketidakadilan serta penyalahgunaan adalah dengan banyaknya pembukaan ijin tambang perusakan hutan dengan melanggar prinsip kelestarian. Kedua, Perlu sinergisitas Kebijakan hukum dalam pemberian ijin kegiatan pertambangan di kawasan hutan, pada UU No. 41 Tahun 1999 sampai saat ini masih terdapat (overlapping) tumpang tindih lahan pemanfaatan hutan antara kegiatan pertambangan dan kegiatan kehutanan masih belum dapat diselesaikan dan tetap terjadi di beberapa daerah. Sama halnya dengan UUNo.4 Tahun2009tentangMineraldanBatu Bara yang belum bersinergis penuh mendukung keletarian alam tetap melegalisasikan banyaknya pengerukan tambang batubara, Kemudian padaUU No. 32 Tahun 2009 menuntut penggunaan sumber daya alam yang selaras, serasi, dan seimbang dengan fungsi lingkungan hidup. Terdapat dualisme kebijakanpemerintah, dimanadisatu <br />sisi  berupaya  untuk melindungikawasanlindung  danmenetapkanaturan-aturanuntukmelestarikannya, tapidisisilainmembuka peluangkawasan hutan lindung tersebutuntuk dieksploitasi. Kebijakanatau program pembangunan harus dijiwai oleh kewajiban melakukan pelestarian lingkungan hidup dan mewujudkan tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Ketiga Undang-undang diatasdalam kerangka ilmu hukum harus tidak berdiri sendiri sebab masih masuk dalam ranah hukum lingkungan yang berarti sangat erat berhubungan dengan UU Kehutanan maupun Lingkungan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya suatu formulasi kebijakan berbasis Green Legislation yang memayungi tata kelola kawasan hutan yang lestari dan berkeadilan dalam satu kesatuan Peraturan.</p><p>Kata Kunci : Politik Hukum, Pengelolaan Hutan, Tambang, Lestari, Keadilan</p>


1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.


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