scholarly journals Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
Rodney P Enriquez ◽  
C R Robert George
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Mic Value

The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has continuously monitored antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from all states and territories since 1981. In 2018, there were 9,006 clinical isolates of gonococci from public and private sector sources tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by standardised methods. This was the highest annual total of isolates tested since the inception of the AGSP. The current treatment recommendation for gonorrhoea, for the majority of Australia, remains dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ≥0.06 mg/L) was found nationally in 1.73% of isolates. The highest proportions were reported from Tasmania and non-remote Western Australia (7.3% and 2.1% respectively). In 2018 two extensively drug-resistant isolates were reported from Queensland patients. These two isolates, with ceftriaxone MIC values of 0.50 mg/L, high-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC ≥ 256 mg/L), and resistance to penicillin and ciprofloxacin were identified and reported to the World Health Organization as isolates of international significance. Resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥1.0 mg/L) was found nationally in 6.2% of isolates, lower than the 9.3% reported in 2017, but more than double the proportion reported in 2015 (2.6%). The highest proportions were reported from the Australian Capital Territory (8.7%), Victoria (8.3%), and New South Wales (6.5%). High-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥256 mg/L) was reported in nine isolates nationally in 2018: four from New South Wales, three from Victoria, and two from Queensland. The proportion of isolates resistant to penicillin in non-remote Australia ranged from 8.8% in non-remote Northern Territory to 44.1% in South Australia. In remote Northern Territory penicillin resistance rates remain low (1.9%), and higher in remote Western Australia (6.5%). The proportion of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin in non-remote Australia ranged from 10.3% in non-remote Northern Territory to 48.3% in South Australia. Ciprofloxacin resistance rates remain comparatively low in remote Northern Territory (1.9%) and remote Western Australia (4.6%).

scholarly journals Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
Rodney Enriquez ◽  
C. R. Robert George
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Mic Value

The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has continuously monitored antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from all states and territories since 1981. In 2017, there were 7,835 clinical isolates of gonococci from public and private sector sources tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by standardised methods. Current treatment recommendations for gonorrhoea for the majority of Australia, is a dual therapeutic strategy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration or MIC value 0.06-0.125 mg/L) was found nationally in 1.06% of isolates, which is lower than that reported in the AGSP Annual Report 2016 (1.7%). The highest proportions were reported from Victoria and Western Australia (urban and rural) (2.1% and 1.4% respectively). Resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥1.0 mg/L) was found nationally in 9.3% of isolates, which is approximately double the proportion reported in 2016 (5.0%) and more than three times the proportion reported in 2015 (2.6%). The highest proportions were reported from Victoria (13.5%), South Australia (12.8%) and New South Wales (9.3%). High level resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥256 mg/L) was reported in 4 strains nationally in 2017, 2 from Victoria, one from New South Wales, and one from Queensland. The proportion of strains resistant to penicillin in non-remote Australia ranged from 10.3% in non-remote Northern Territory to 44.1% in Tasmania. In remote Northern Territory, penicillin resistance rates remain low (2.5%). In remote Western Australia, penicillin resistance rates continue to increase (6.7%) compared to the previous years, however, there were relatively low numbers of strains available for isolate based testing (n=12). To address this and to monitor resistance and inform treatment guidelines, widespread molecular testing for penicillin resistance in Western Australia is in place, and these data are included in the AGSP. The proportion of strains resistant to ciprofloxacin in non-remote Australia ranged from 17.2% in non-remote Northern Territory to 61% in Tasmania. Ciprofloxacin resistance rates remain comparatively low in remote Northern Territory (1.3%) and remote Western Australia (5.0%).

scholarly journals Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
Masoud Shoushtari ◽  
CR Robert George ◽  
Benjamin H Armstrong ◽  
Tiffany R Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Mic Value

The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has continuously monitored antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae since 1981. In 2019, a total of 9,668 clinical isolates of gonococci from the public and private sector in all jurisdictions were tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by standardised methods. The current treatment recommendation for gonorrhoea, for the majority of Australia, continues to be dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Decreased susceptibility (DS) to ceftriaxone (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] value ≥ 0.06 mg/L) was found nationally in 1.3% of isolates. Five N. gonorrhoeae clinical isolates were ceftriaxone-resistant (MIC value ≥ 0.25 mg/L), and therefore also resistant to penicillin; all were resistant to ciprofloxacin but susceptible to azithromycin. These isolates were reported from Victoria (3), non-remote Western Australia (1) and New South Wales (1). Resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥ 1.0 mg/L) was found nationally in 4.6% of N. gonorrhoeae isolates, continuing a downward trend observed and reported since 2017. Isolates with high-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥ 256 mg/L) continue to be reported sporadically in Australia, with eight detected in 2019: two each from New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria, and one each from Tasmania and non-remote Western Australia. In 2019, in Australia, 2,136 gonococcal isolates (22.1%) were penicillin resistant; however, there remains considerable variation by jurisdiction, and in some remote settings there is little resistance and this drug is recommended empiric therapy. In 2019, in the remote Northern Territory, no penicillin resistance was reported, however in remote Western Australia six out of 85 isolates (7.1%) were penicillin resistant. There was no ciprofloxacin resistance reported from isolates tested from remote regions of the Northern Territory, and ciprofloxacin resistance rates remain comparatively low (7/85; 8.2%) in remote Western Australia. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; disease surveillance; gonococcal infection; Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A revision of the genus Bubastes Laporte & Gory, 1836 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4832 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-75
Author(s):  
SVATOPLUK BÍLÝ ◽  
MARK HANLON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
South Wales

Taxonomic revision of the genus Bubastes Laporte & Gory, 1836. Thirteen new species are described: Bubastes barkeri sp. nov. (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria), B. deserta sp. nov. (South Australia), B. dichroa sp. nov. (Western Australia), B. flavocaerulea sp. nov. (New South Wales, Queensland), B. hasenpuschi sp. nov. (Queensland), B. iridiventris sp. nov. (Western Australia), B. iris sp. nov. (Western Australia), B. macmillani sp. nov. (Western Australia), B. magnifica sp. nov. (Queensland, New South Wales), B. michaelpowelli sp. nov. (Western Australia), B. pilbarensis sp. nov. (Western Australia), B. remota sp. nov. (Northern Territory) and B. viridiaurea sp. nov. (Western Australia). The following seventeen new synonyms are proposed: Bubastes thomsoni Obenberger, 1928, syn. nov. = B. australasiae Obenberger, 1922, B. olivina Obenberger, 1920, syn. nov. = Neraldus bostrychoides Théry 1910, B. boisduvali Obenberger, 1941, syn. nov. = B. erbeni Obenberger, 1941, B. borealis Obenberger, 1941, syn. nov. = B. globicollis Thomson, 1879, B. laticollis Blackburn, 1888, syn. nov. = B. globicollis Thomson, 1879, B. simillima Obenberger, 1922, syn. nov. = B. globicollis Thomson, 1879, B. obscura Obenberger, 1922, syn. nov. = B. inconsistans Thomson, 1879, B. septentrionalis Obenberger, 1941, syn. nov. = B. inconsistans Thomson, 1879, B. viridicupraea Obenberger, 1922, syn. nov. = B. inconsistans Thomson, 1879, B. blackburni Obenberger, 1941, syn. nov. = B. kirbyi Obenberger, 1928, B. chapmani Obenberger, 1941, syn. nov. = B. kirbyi Obenberger, 1928, B. aenea Obenberger, 1922, syn. nov. = B. niveiventris Obenberger, 1922, B. saundersi Obenberger, 1928, syn. nov. = B. odewahni Obenberger, 1928, B. occidentalis Blackburn, 1891, syn. nov. = B. sphaenoida Laporte & Gory, 1836, B. persplendens Obenberger, 1920, syn. nov. = B. sphaenoida Laporte & Gory, 1836, B. splendens Blackburn, 1891, syn. nov. = B. sphaenoida Laporte & Gory, 1836 and B. strandi Obenberger, 1920, syn. nov. = B. suturalis Carter, 1915. Neotype is designated and redescribed for Bubastes cylindrica W. J. Macleay, 1888 and lectotypes are designated for Bubastes thomsoni Obenberger, 1928 and B. leai Carter, 1924. Morphological characters of the genus are presented and all species are illustrated (incl. historical types) and a key is provided for all species of the genus. 

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