scholarly journals Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants N501Y.V1 and N501Y.V2 Spike on Viral Infectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Tang ◽  
Long Gao ◽  
Zhao Wu ◽  
Fang Meng ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Infection Efficiency ◽  
S Protein ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
The Stability

SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is constantly evolving to adapt to the host and evade antiviral immunity. The newly emerging variants N501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) and N501Y.V2 (B.1.351), first reported in the United Kingdom and South Africa respectively, raised concerns due to the unusually rapid global spread. The mutations in spike (S) protein may contribute to the rapid spread of these variants. Here, with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based pseudotype system, we demonstrated that the pseudovirus bearing N501Y.V2 S protein has higher infection efficiency than pseudovirus with wildtype (WT) and D614G S protein. Moreover, pseudovirus with N501Y.V1 or N501Y.V2 S protein has better thermal stability than WT and D614G, suggesting these mutations of variants may increase the stability of SARS-CoV-2 S protein and virion. However, the pseudovirus bearing N501Y.V1 or N501Y.V2 S protein has similar sensitivity to inhibitors of protease and endocytosis with WT and D614G. These findings could be of value in preventing the spread of virus and developing drugs for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Characterization of three complementation groups of vesicular stomatitis virus

Virology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K.Y. Wong ◽  
A.F. Holloway ◽  
D.V. Cormack
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

Effect of pH and temperature on the infectivity of human coronavirus 229E

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 972-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Lamarre ◽  
Pierre J. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E

The stability of human coronavirus 229E infectivity was maximum at pH 6.0 when incubated at either 4 or 33 °C. However, the influence of pH was more pronounced at 33 °C. Viral infectivity was completely lost after a 14-day incubation period at 22, 33, or 37 °C but remained relatively constant at 4 °C for the same length of time. Finally, the infectious titer did not show any significant reduction when subjected to 25 cycles of thawing and freezing. These studies will contribute to optimize virus growth and storage conditions, which will facilitate the molecular characterization of this important pathogen.Key words: coronavirus, pH, temperature, infectivity, human coronavirus.

scholarly journals Infection of Melanoplus sanguinipes Grasshoppers following Ingestion of Rangeland Plant Species Harboring Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3029-3033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Drolet ◽  
Melissa A. Stuart ◽  
Justin D. Derner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Plant Surfaces ◽  
Common Plant Species

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the many mechanisms of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) transmission is critical for understanding of the epidemiology of sporadic disease outbreaks in the western United States. Migratory grasshoppers [Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius)] have been implicated as reservoirs and mechanical vectors of VSV. The grasshopper-cattle-grasshopper transmission cycle is based on the assumptions that (i) virus shed from clinically infected animals would contaminate pasture plants and remain infectious on plant surfaces and (ii) grasshoppers would become infected by eating the virus-contaminated plants. Our objectives were to determine the stability of VSV on common plant species of U.S. Northern Plains rangelands and to assess the potential of these plant species as a source of virus for grasshoppers. Fourteen plant species were exposed to VSV and assayed for infectious virus over time (0 to 24 h). The frequency of viable virus recovery at 24 h postexposure was as high as 73%. The two most common plant species in Northern Plains rangelands (western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii] and needle and thread [Hesperostipa comata]) were fed to groups of grasshoppers. At 3 weeks postfeeding, the grasshopper infection rate was 44 to 50%. Exposure of VSV to a commonly used grasshopper pesticide resulted in complete viral inactivation. This is the first report demonstrating the stability of VSV on rangeland plant surfaces, and it suggests that a significant window of opportunity exists for grasshoppers to ingest VSV from contaminated plants. The use of grasshopper pesticides on pastures would decrease the incidence of a virus-amplifying mechanical vector and might also decontaminate pastures, thereby decreasing the inter- and intraherd spread of VSV.

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