scholarly journals Constant Resting Frequency and Auditory Midbrain Neuronal Frequency Analysis of Hipposideros pratti in Background White Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Zhongdan Cui ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Baoling Jin ◽  
Dandan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Pulse Intensity ◽  
Midbrain Neurons ◽  
Background White Noise

Acoustic communication signals are inevitably challenged by ambient noise. In response to noise, many animals adjust their calls to maintain signal detectability. However, the mechanisms by which the auditory system adapts to the adjusted pulses are unclear. Our previous study revealed that the echolocating bat, Hipposideros pratti, increased its pulse intensity in the presence of background white noise. In vivo single-neuron recording demonstrated that the auditory midbrain neurons tuned to the second harmonic (H2 neurons) increased their minimal threshold (MT) to a similar degree as the increment of pulse intensity in the presence of the background noise. Furthermore, the H2 neurons exhibited consistent spike rates at their best amplitudes and sharper intensity tuning with background white noise compared with silent conditions. The previous data indicated that sound intensity analysis by auditory midbrain neurons was adapted to the increased pulse intensity in the same noise condition. This study further examined the echolocation pulse frequency and frequency analysis of auditory midbrain neurons with noise conditions. The data revealed that H. pratti did not shift the resting frequency in the presence of background noise. The auditory midbrain neuronal frequency analysis highly linked to processing the resting frequency with the presence of noise by presenting the constant best frequency (BF), frequency sensitivity, and frequency selectivity. Thus, our results suggested that auditory midbrain neuronal responses in background white noise are adapted to process echolocation pulses in the noise conditions.

The second harmonic neurons in auditory midbrain of Hipposideros pratti are more tolerant to background white noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
pp. 108142
Author(s):  
Zhongdan Cui ◽  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Dandan Zhou ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Long Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Background White Noise

Sensitivity for interaural time and intensity difference of auditory midbrain neurons in the grassfrog

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem J. Melssen ◽  
Willem J.M. Epping ◽  
Ivo H.M. van Stokkum
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Midbrain Neurons

TRPC1 and metabotropic glutamate receptor expression in rat auditory midbrain neurons

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ll. Valero ◽  
Elena Caminos ◽  
Jose M. Juiz ◽  
Juan R. Martinez-Galan
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Midbrain Neurons

scholarly journals Anesthetic state modulates excitability but not spectral tuning or neural discrimination in single auditory midbrain neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Schumacher ◽  
David M. Schneider ◽  
Sarah M. N. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Spectral Tuning ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Neural Excitability ◽  
Midbrain Neurons ◽  
Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields

The majority of sensory physiology experiments have used anesthesia to facilitate the recording of neural activity. Current techniques allow researchers to study sensory function in the context of varying behavioral states. To reconcile results across multiple behavioral and anesthetic states, it is important to consider how and to what extent anesthesia plays a role in shaping neural response properties. The role of anesthesia has been the subject of much debate, but the extent to which sensory coding properties are altered by anesthesia has yet to be fully defined. In this study we asked how urethane, an anesthetic commonly used for avian and mammalian sensory physiology, affects the coding of complex communication vocalizations (songs) and simple artificial stimuli in the songbird auditory midbrain. We measured spontaneous and song-driven spike rates, spectrotemporal receptive fields, and neural discriminability from responses to songs in single auditory midbrain neurons. In the same neurons, we recorded responses to pure tone stimuli ranging in frequency and intensity. Finally, we assessed the effect of urethane on population-level representations of birdsong. Results showed that intrinsic neural excitability is significantly depressed by urethane but that spectral tuning, single neuron discriminability, and population representations of song do not differ significantly between unanesthetized and anesthetized animals.

Masking of Auditory Responses in the Medulla Oblongata of Goldfish

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
PER S. ENGER
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Noise Band ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Centre Frequency ◽  
Pure Tones

1. The nervous activity of single auditory neurones in goldfish brain have been measured. 2. Four types of acoustic stimuli were used, (1) pure tones, (2) noise of one-third octave band width, (3) noise of one-octave band width with centre frequency equal to the pure tone, and (4) white noise. 3. Except for white noise, these stimuli produced the same response to equal sound pressures. The white noise response was less, presumably because the frequency range covered by a single neurone is far narrower than the range of white noise. 4. The conclusion has been reached that for low-frequency acoustic signals, the acoustic power over a frequency band of one to two octaves is integrated by the nervous system. 5. The masking effect of background noise on the acoustic threshold of single units to pure tones is strongest when the noise band has the same centre frequency as the test tone. In this case the tone threshold increases linearly with the background noise level. 6. When the noise band was centred at a different frequency from the tone, the masking effect decreased at a rate of 20-22 dB/octave for the first one-third octave for a tone frequency of 250 Hz. For a tone of 500 Hz the masking effect of lower frequencies was stronger and was reduced by only some 9 dB/octave for the first one-third octave.

Neuronal pair and triplet interactions in the auditory midbrain of the leopard frog

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1549-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Eggermont
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Stimulus Level ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Torus Semicircularis ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Neural Correlation ◽  
Midbrain Neurons

1. With the use of two independent microelectrodes and multiunit spike separation, 26 neural pairs, 17 triplets, and 8 quadruplets were recorded in the auditory midbrain of the leopard frog, resulting in a total of 125 neural pairs. 2. Functional interrelationships between neurons were studied by analyzing 638 cross-coincidence histograms as functions of stimulus type, stimulus level, and estimated neuron distance. Significance criteria for correlograms were established on the basis of the distribution of extreme values in a large number of correlograms for nonsimultaneously recorded pairs. 3. Simultaneous recordings from three neurons, that all showed significant neural pair correlations were analyzed with the use of the joint occurrence diagram, which displays the joint coincidences for the firings of two units (a and b) with the firings of the trigger unit (c). 4. It was found that 97.5% of the pairs showed a significant stimulus-induced correlation; neighboring neurons exhibited a stronger stimulus correlation (synchrony) than more distant neurons. 5. Positive neural interaction strength (75% to shared excitatory input) was independent of neuron distance (taking into account that the estimated electrode distance in the present investigation was never greater than 300 microns) and occurred in 25% of the pairs investigated. About 25% of the positive neural correlations could be attributed to unidirectional excitation, the majority of which was found for single-electrode pairs. Negative neural correlation occurred in 8% of the pairs and, with one exception, was found only for neurons recorded on the same electrode. 6. Evidence for the presence of feed-forward and/or feedback inhibition was found. 7. There was a strong stimulus-type influence on stimulus correlation and on positive neural correlation, whereas stimulus intensity affected the stimulus correlation but not the neural correlation. 8. From the incidence of triplet correlations, it was concluded that the divergence of afferents onto midbrain neurons was limited; it was unlikely that more than three neurons were contacted by one afferent. In contrast, convergence of afferents on torus semicircularis cells was widespread; 40-50% of the midbrain neurons were bimodally tuned and received input originating from the two auditory papillae. Convergence of fibers from the same papilla was also extensive. 9. Fast modulation of functional neural connectivity through the activity of other neurons was found, although this was probably not the result of actual changes in synaptic strength but of synchronized changes in firing rate.

Repetition enhances hearing detection thresholds in a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Turnbull ◽  
J. M. Terhune
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Harbour Seal ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Pinniped Species

Pure-tone hearing thresholds of a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) were measured in air and underwater using behavioural psychophysical techniques. A 50-ms sinusoidal pulse was presented in both white-noise masked and unmasked situations at pulse repetition rates of 1, 2, 4, and 10/s. Test frequencies were 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 kHz in air and 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 kHz underwater. Relative to 1 pulse/s, mean threshold shifts were −1, −3, and −5 dB at 2, 4, and 10 pulses/s, respectively. The threshold shifts from 1 to 10 pulses/s were significant (F = 12.457, df = 2,36, p < 0.001) and there was no difference in the threshold shifts between the masked and unmasked situations (F = 2.585; df = 1,50; p > 0.10). Broadband masking caused by meteorological or industrial sources will closely resemble the white-noise situation. At high calling rates, the numerous overlapping calls of some species (e.g., harp seal, Phoca groenlandica) present virtually continous "background noise" which also resembles the broadband white-noise masking situation. An implication of lower detection thresholds is that if a seal regularly repeats short vocalizations, the communication range of that call could be increased significantly (80% at 10 pulses/s). This could have important implications during the breeding season should storms or shipping noises occur or when some pinniped species become increasingly vocal and the background noise of conspecifics increases.

scholarly journals Specific loss of neural sensitivity to interaural time difference of unmodulated noise stimuli following noise-induced hearing loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1182
Author(s):  
Hariprakash Haragopal ◽  
Ryan Dorkoski ◽  
Austin R. Pollard ◽  
Gareth A. Whaley ◽  
Timothy R. Wohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Interaural Time Difference ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Midbrain Neurons ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Encode Time

Sensorineural hearing loss compromises perceptual abilities that arise from hearing with two ears, yet its effects on binaural aspects of neural responses are largely unknown. We found that, following severe hearing loss because of acoustic trauma, auditory midbrain neurons specifically lost the ability to encode time differences between the arrival of a broadband noise stimulus to the two ears, whereas the encoding of sound level differences between the two ears remained uncompromised.

scholarly journals Monolingual and Bilingual Word Recognition and Word Learning in Background Noise

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Morini ◽  
Rochelle S. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Object Relations ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Linguistic Experience ◽  
Speech In Noise

The question of whether bilingualism leads to advantages or disadvantages in linguistic abilities has been debated for many years. It is unclear whether growing up with one versus two languages is related to variations in the ability to process speech in the presence of background noise. We present findings from a word recognition and a word learning task with monolingual and bilingual adults. Bilinguals appear to be less accurate than monolinguals at identifying familiar words in the presence of white noise. However, the bilingual “disadvantage” identified during word recognition is not present when listeners were asked to acquire novel word-object relations that were trained either in noise or in quiet. This work suggests that linguistic experience and the demands associated with the type of task both play a role in the ability for listeners to process speech in noise.

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