The second harmonic neurons in auditory midbrain of Hipposideros pratti are more tolerant to background white noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
pp. 108142
Author(s):  
Zhongdan Cui ◽  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Dandan Zhou ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Long Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Background White Noise

scholarly journals Constant Resting Frequency and Auditory Midbrain Neuronal Frequency Analysis of Hipposideros pratti in Background White Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Zhongdan Cui ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Baoling Jin ◽  
Dandan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Pulse Intensity ◽  
Midbrain Neurons ◽  
Background White Noise

Acoustic communication signals are inevitably challenged by ambient noise. In response to noise, many animals adjust their calls to maintain signal detectability. However, the mechanisms by which the auditory system adapts to the adjusted pulses are unclear. Our previous study revealed that the echolocating bat, Hipposideros pratti, increased its pulse intensity in the presence of background white noise. In vivo single-neuron recording demonstrated that the auditory midbrain neurons tuned to the second harmonic (H2 neurons) increased their minimal threshold (MT) to a similar degree as the increment of pulse intensity in the presence of the background noise. Furthermore, the H2 neurons exhibited consistent spike rates at their best amplitudes and sharper intensity tuning with background white noise compared with silent conditions. The previous data indicated that sound intensity analysis by auditory midbrain neurons was adapted to the increased pulse intensity in the same noise condition. This study further examined the echolocation pulse frequency and frequency analysis of auditory midbrain neurons with noise conditions. The data revealed that H. pratti did not shift the resting frequency in the presence of background noise. The auditory midbrain neuronal frequency analysis highly linked to processing the resting frequency with the presence of noise by presenting the constant best frequency (BF), frequency sensitivity, and frequency selectivity. Thus, our results suggested that auditory midbrain neuronal responses in background white noise are adapted to process echolocation pulses in the noise conditions.

PLANE WAVES AT SMALL ARRAYS

Geophysics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Woods ◽  
Paul R. Lintz
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Time Gate ◽  
High Sampling Rate ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Background White Noise

The resolving power of a seismic array is defined in terms of the array response function and via the classical uncertainty principle. Using the theory of maximum likelihood wavenumber spectra (Capon, 1969), we show for the case of two correlated plane waves that arbitrarily high resolution is achievable in the limit as the background white noise tends to zero. This extends Barnard’s (1969) result to the case of correlated plane waves. The increased resolution arises from the additional assumption that the data are plane waves over all space, and not zero off the array as the classical result assumes. It is found that a sample rate (in time) large compared to the Nyquist rate, is needed in the case of a short time gate at a small array. Cross‐power spectral matrices are estimated at 4 hz from 1 sec of computer generated data consisting of two correlated plane waves in white noise. These spectral matrices are then used to generate maximum likelihood wavenumber spectra. The two plane waves are resolved at various signal‐to‐noise ratios and at correlations up to ρ=0.8. The need for using a high sampling rate is demonstrated. Results are compared with conventional wavenumber spectra, where the classical resolution results hold. The use of a 1‐sec window provides improved resolution of the wavenumber structure as it changes in time, resulting in better separation of any time‐overlapping phases and multipathed waves that arise from one event.

scholarly journals The effects of background white noise on memory performance in inattentive school children

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran BW Söderlund ◽  
Sverker Sikström ◽  
Jan M Loftesnes ◽  
Edmund J Sonuga-Barke
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
School Children ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Background White Noise

Masking, Temporal Integration, and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Y. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
Cochlear Hearing Loss ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Background White Noise

This study was undertaken basically to examine the effect of white noise masking on temporal integration and how the frequency dependence of temporal integration is related to hearing loss. The threshold differences between 500-msec and 20-msec at .5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz were found for 147 ears of 86 subjects with normal hearing and with various amounts of cochlear hearing loss. Thresholds were measured in three levels of background white noise—30, 60, and 90 dB SPL. The principal finding was that temporal integration is frequency dependent and this dependence is not an epiphenomenon of the decrease in temporal integration due to cochlear hearing loss.

scholarly journals Background white noise and speech facilitate visual working memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhu Han ◽  
Ruizhen Zhu ◽  
Yixuan Ku
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Background White Noise ◽  
Speech Interference

AbstractIn contrast to background white noise, the detrimental effects of background speech on verbal working memory (WM) were often explained by speech interference in the same verbal modality. Yet, those results were confounded with potential differences between arousal levels induced by speech and white noise. To address the role of arousal, in the present study, we minimized the verbal interference and used a visual WM task to test the influence of background speech or white noise. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and Electromyography (EMG) were recorded simultaneously to indicate the arousal levels of participants. Results showed that both background speech and white noise significantly improved visual WM performance. The change of performance further correlated with the change of physiological signals linked with arousal. Taken together, our results suggest that both background speech and white noise facilitate visual WM through raising the arousal level.

Integrated Fractional white Noise as an Alternative to Multifractional Brownian Motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Sly
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Discrete Data ◽  
Hölder Exponent ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Multifractional Brownian Motion ◽  
Local Properties

Multifractional Brownian motion is a Gaussian process which has changing scaling properties generated by varying the local Hölder exponent. We show that multifractional Brownian motion is very sensitive to changes in the selected Hölder exponent and has extreme changes in magnitude. We suggest an alternative stochastic process, called integrated fractional white noise, which retains the important local properties but avoids the undesirable oscillations in magnitude. We also show how the Hölder exponent can be estimated locally from discrete data in this model.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

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