scholarly journals The Potential Role of Phytonutrients Flavonoids Influencing Gut Microbiota in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Mengxue Gao ◽  
Guangbo Kang ◽  
He Huang
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Mammalian Intestine

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is comprised of two idiopathic chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. As the incidence of IBD increases, so does the need for safe and effective treatments. Trillions of microorganisms are colonized in the mammalian intestine, coevolve with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this regard, phytonutrients flavonoids have received increasing attention for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we address recent advances in the interactions among flavonoids, gut microbiota, and IBD. Moreover, their possible potential mechanisms of action in IBD have been discussed. We conclude that there is a complex interaction between flavonoids and gut microbiota. It is expected that flavonoids can change or reshape the gut microbiota to provide important considerations for developing treatments for IBD.

scholarly journals Tu1789 – Treatment Response to Ustekinumab and Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: the Predictive Role of Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-1124
Author(s):  
Clara Caenepeel ◽  
Sara Vieira-Silva ◽  
Jorge F. Vázquez-Castellanos ◽  
Bram Verstockt ◽  
Marc Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The role of enteric dysbacteriosis and modulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 105381
Author(s):  
Wei Niu ◽  
Fuyan Yang ◽  
Ziwei Fu ◽  
Yuelin Dong ◽  
Zhenhai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Associated Changes in the Gut: Focus on Kazan Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lo Sasso ◽  
Lusine Khachatryan ◽  
Athanasios Kondylis ◽  
James N D Battey ◽  
Nicolas Sierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Several studies have highlighted the role of host–microbiome interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), resulting in an increasing amount of data mainly focusing on Western patients. Because of the increasing prevalence of IBD in newly industrialized countries such as those in Asia, the Middle East, and South America, there is mounting interest in elucidating the gut microbiota of these populations. We present a comprehensive analysis of several IBD-related biomarkers and gut microbiota profiles and functions of a unique population of patients with IBD and healthy patients from Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia). Methods Blood and fecal IBD biomarkers, serum cytokines, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were profiled. Finally, fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S and whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Results Fecal microbiota whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of classic IBD dysbiotic features at the phylum level, with increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. At the genus level, the abundance of both fermentative (SCFA-producing and hydrogen (H2)-releasing) and hydrogenotrophic (H2-consuming) microbes was affected in patients with IBD. This imbalance was confirmed by the decreased abundance of SCFA species in the feces of patients with IBD and the change in anaerobic index, which mirrors the redox status of the intestine. Conclusions Our analyses highlighted how IBD-related dysbiotic microbiota—which are generally mainly linked to SCFA imbalance—may affect other important metabolic pathways, such as H2 metabolism, that are critical for host physiology and disease development.

scholarly journals Selective Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibition for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Hope on the Rise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Danese ◽  
Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Conventional systemic and biologic agents are the mainstay of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management; however, many of these agents are associated with loss of clinical response, highlighting the need for effective, novel targeted therapies. Janus kinase (JAK) 1-3 and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) mediate signal transduction events downstream of multiple cytokine receptors that regulate targeted gene transcription, including the interleukin-12, interleukin-23, and type I interferon receptors for TYK2. This review summarizes the role of TYK2 signaling in IBD pathogenesis, the differential selectivity of TYK2 inhibitors, and the potential clinical implications of TYK2 inhibition in IBD. A PubMed literature review was conducted to identify studies of JAK1-3 and TYK2 inhibitors in IBD and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Key efficacy and safety information was extracted and summarized. Pan-JAK inhibitors provide inconsistent efficacy in patients with IBD and are associated with toxicities resulting from a lack of selectivity at therapeutic dosages. Selective inhibition of TYK2 signaling via an allosteric mechanism, with an agent that binds to the regulatory (pseudokinase) domain, may reduce potential toxicities typically associated with JAK1-3 inhibitors. Deucravacitinib, a novel, oral, selective TYK2 inhibitor, and brepocitinib and PF-06826647, TYK2 inhibitors that bind to the active site in the catalytic domain, are in development for IBD and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Allosteric TYK2 inhibition is more selective than JAK1-3 inhibition and has the potential to limit toxicities typically associated with JAK1-3 inhibitors. Future studies will be important in establishing the role of selective, allosteric TYK2 inhibition in the management of IBD.

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