scholarly journals Are Cry Studies Replicable? An Analysis of Participants, Procedures, and Methods Adopted and Reported in Studies of Infant Cries

Acoustics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Giulia Scapin ◽  
Marc Bornstein ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Acoustical Properties ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Infant Cries ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Participant Information ◽  
Critical Aspects

Infant cry is evolutionarily, psychologically, and clinically significant. Over the last half century, several researchers and clinicians have investigated acoustical properties of infant cry for medical purposes. However, this literature suffers a lack of standardization in conducting and reporting cry-based studies. In this work, methodologies and procedures employed to analyze infant cry are reviewed and best practices for reporting studies are provided. First, available literatures on vocal and audio acoustic analysis are examined to identify critical aspects of participant information, data collection, methods, and data analysis. Then, 180 peer-reviewed research articles have been assessed to certify the presence of critical information. Results show a general lack of critical description. Researchers in the field of infant cry need to develop a consensual standard set of criteria to report experimental studies to ensure the validity of their methods and results.

scholarly journals Are Cry Studies Replicable? An Analysis of Participants, Setups, and Methods Adopted and Reported in Cry Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Giulia Scapin ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Acoustical Properties ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Participant Information ◽  
Critical Aspects

Infant cry is evolutionarily, psychologically, and clinically significant. During the last 60 years, several researchers and clinicians assessed the possibility of investigating the acoustical properties of cry for medical purposes. However, there is a lack of standardization in conducting and reporting cry-based studies. In this work, methodologies and procedures employed in infant cry analysis are reviewed, and best practices for reporting studies are provided. First, available literature on vocal and audio acoustic analysis have been examined to identify critical aspects of participant information, data collection, methods, and data analysis. Then, 180 peer-reviewed research articles have been assessed to certify the presence of identified critical information. Results show a general lack of critical description. Researchers in the field of infant cry need to agree on a standard set of criteria to report experimental studies, to better demonstrate the validity of the methods and obtained results.

scholarly journals Design, Development, and Multi-Characterization of an Integrated Clinical Transrectal Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Device for Human Prostate Imaging

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Agrawal ◽  
Kerrick Johnstonbaugh ◽  
Joseph Y. Clark ◽  
Jay D. Raman ◽  
Xueding Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Prostate Imaging ◽  
Clinically Significant

The standard diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer (PCa) is transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided needle biopsy. However, due to the low sensitivity of TRUS to cancerous tissue in the prostate, small yet clinically significant tumors can be missed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with TRUS fusion biopsy has recently been introduced as a way to improve the identification of clinically significant PCa in men. However, the spatial errors in coregistering the preprocedural MRI with the real-time TRUS causes false negatives. A real-time and intraprocedural imaging modality that can sensitively detect PCa tumors and, more importantly, differentiate aggressive from nonaggressive tumors could largely improve the guidance of biopsy sampling to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient risk stratification. In this work, we seek to fill this long-standing gap in clinical diagnosis of PCa via the development of a dual-modality imaging device that integrates the emerging photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technique with the established TRUS for improved guidance of PCa needle biopsy. Unlike previously published studies on the integration of TRUS with PAI capabilities, this work introduces a novel approach for integrating a focused light delivery mechanism with a clinical-grade commercial TRUS probe, while assuring much-needed ease of operation in the transrectal space. We further present the clinical potential of our device by (i) performing rigorous characterization studies, (ii) examining the acoustic and optical safety parameters for human prostate imaging, and (iii) demonstrating the structural and functional imaging capabilities using deep-tissue-mimicking phantoms. Our TRUSPA experimental studies demonstrated a field-of-view in the range of 130 to 150 degrees and spatial resolutions in the range of 300 μm to 400 μm at a soft tissue imaging depth of 5 cm.

scholarly journals LO45: Incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage following a mild traumatic brain injury in patients taking anticoagulants or anti-platelets therapies: systematic review and meta-analysis

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S22-S22
Author(s):  
M. Emond ◽  
A. Laguë ◽  
T. O’Brien ◽  
B. Mitra ◽  
P. Tardif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinically Significant

Introduction: Head injury is a common presentation to all emergency departments. Previous research has shown that such injuries may be complicated by delayed intracranial hemorrhage (D-ICH) after the initial scan is negative. Exposure to anticoagulant or anti-platelet medications (ACAP) may be a risk factor for D-ICH. We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the incidence of delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients taking anticoagulants, anti-platelets or both. Methods: The literature search was conducted in March 2017 with an update in April 2017. Keyword and MeSH terms were used to search OVID Medline, Embase and the Cochrane database as well as grey literature sources. All cohort and experimental studies were eligible for selection. Inclusion criteria included pre-injury exposure to oral anticoagulant and / or anti-platelet medication and a negative initial CT scan of the brain (CT1). The primary outcome was delayed intracranial hemorrhage present on repeat CT scan (CT2) within 48 hours of the presentation. Only patients who were rescanned or observed minimally were included. Clinically significant D-ICH were those that required neurosurgery, caused death or necessitated a change in management strategy, such as admission. Results: Fifteen primary studies were ultimately identified, comprising a total of 3801 patients. Of this number, 2111 had a control CT scan. 39 cases of D-ICH were identified, with the incidence of D-ICH calculated to be 1.31% (95% CI [0.56, 2.27]). No more than 12 of these patients had a clinically significant D-ICH representing 0.09% (95% CI [0.00, 0.31]). 10 of them were on warfarin and two on aspirin. There were three deaths recorded and three patients needed neurosurgery. Conclusion: The relatively low incidence suggests that repeat CT should not be mandatory for patients without ICH on first CT. This is further supported by the negligibly low rate of clinically significant D-ICH. Evidence-based assessments should be utilised to indicate the appropriate discharge plan, with further research required to guide the balance between clinical observation and repeat CT.

scholarly journals A Flexible Analysis Tool for the Quantitative Acoustic Assessment of Infant Cry

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Reggiannini ◽  
Stephen J. Sheinkopf ◽  
Harvey F. Silverman ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Barry M. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Audio Files

Purpose In this article, the authors describe and validate the performance of a modern acoustic analyzer specifically designed for infant cry analysis. Method Utilizing known algorithms, the authors developed a method to extract acoustic parameters describing infant cries from standard digital audio files. They used a frame rate of 25 ms with a frame advance of 12.5 ms. Cepstral-based acoustic analysis proceeded in 2 phases, computing frame-level data and then organizing and summarizing this information within cry utterances. Using signal detection methods, the authors evaluated the accuracy of the automated system to determine voicing and to detect fundamental frequency (F 0 ) as compared to voiced segments and pitch periods manually coded from spectrogram displays. Results The system detected F 0 with 88% to 95% accuracy, depending on tolerances set at 10 to 20 Hz. Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated very high accuracy at detecting voicing characteristics in the cry samples. Conclusions This article describes an automated infant cry analyzer with high accuracy to detect important acoustic features of cry. A unique and important aspect of this work is the rigorous testing of the system's accuracy as compared to ground-truth manual coding. The resulting system has implications for basic and applied research on infant cry development.

Acoustic analysis of newborn infant cry signals

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Fort ◽  
Claudia Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Infant Cry

Assessment of Pain Expression in Infant Cry Signals Using Empirical Mode Decomposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (05) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Silva ◽  
Van den Bergh ◽  
K. Allegaert ◽  
J. M. Aerts ◽  
D. Berckmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Pain Expression

Summary Background:The presence of decoupling, i.e. the absence of coupling between fundamental frequency variation and intensity contour during phonetic crying, and its extent, reflects the degree of maturation of the central nervous system. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate whether Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is a suitable technique for analyzing infant cries. We hereby wanted to assess the existence and extent of decoupling in term neonates and whether an association between decoupling (derived from EMD) and clinical pain expression could be unveiled. Methods: To assess decoupling in healthy term neonates during procedural pain, 24 newborns were videotaped and crying was recorded during venous blood sampling. Besides acoustic analysis, pain expression was quantified based on the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS). Fundamental frequency and the intensity contour of the cry signals were extracted by applying the EMD to the data, and the correlation between the two was studied. Results: Based on data collected in healthy term neonates, correlation coefficients varied between 0.39 and 0.83. The degree of decoupling displayed extended variability between the neonates and also in different cry bouts in a crying sequence within an individual neonate. Conclusion: When considering the individual ratio between the mean correlation of cry bouts during a crying sequence and their standard deviation, there seems to be a positive trend with increasing MBPS value. This might indicate that higher stressed subjects have less consistency in the investigated acoustic cry features, concluding that EMD has potential in the assessment of infant cry analysis.

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