Liver Regeneration and Cell Transplantation for End-Stage Liver Disease

Liver transplantation is the only curative option for end-stage liver disease; however, the limitations of liver transplantation require further research into other alternatives. Considering that liver regeneration is prevalent in liver injury settings, regenerative medicine is suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for end-stage liver disease. Upon the source of regenerating hepatocytes, liver regeneration could be divided into two categories: hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration (typical regeneration) and liver progenitor cell-driven liver regeneration (alternative regeneration). Due to the massive loss of hepatocytes, the alternative regeneration plays a vital role in end-stage liver disease. Advances in knowledge of liver regeneration and tissue engineering have accelerated the progress of regenerative medicine strategies for end-stage liver disease. In this article, we generally reviewed the recent findings and current knowledge of liver regeneration, mainly regarding aspects of the histological basis of regeneration, histogenesis and mechanisms of hepatocytes’ regeneration. In addition, this review provides an update on the regenerative medicine strategies for end-stage liver disease. We conclude that regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic strategy for end-stage liver disease. However, further studies are still required.

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Multicentric evaluation of model for end-stage liver disease-based allocation and survival after liver transplantation in Germany - limitations of the ‘sickest first’-concept

Transplant International ◽

10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01161.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 91-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Tobias J. Weismüller ◽

Panagiotis Fikatas ◽

Jan Schmidt ◽

Ana P. Barreiros ◽

Gerd Otto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Disease ◽

End Stage Liver Disease ◽

End Stage

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Low psoas muscle index as an unfavorable factor in children with end‐stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation

Pediatric Transplantation ◽

10.1111/petr.13996 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Settapong Jitwongwai ◽

Chatmanee Lertudomphonwanit ◽

Thitiporn Junhasavasdikul ◽

Praman Fuangfa ◽

Pornthep Tanpowpong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Psoas Muscle ◽

End Stage Liver Disease ◽

End Stage

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RIPK3-Mediated Necroptosis and Neutrophil Infiltration Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2018/1509851 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhenzhen Zhang ◽

Guomin Xie ◽

Li Liang ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Jing Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽

Normal Liver ◽

Neutrophil Infiltration ◽

Meld Score ◽

End Stage Liver Disease ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

End Stage

Alcoholic cirrhosis is an end-stage liver disease with impaired survival and often requires liver transplantation. Recent data suggests that receptor-interacting protein kinase-3- (RIPK3-) mediated necroptosis plays an important role in alcoholic cirrhosis. Additionally, neutrophil infiltration is the most characteristic pathologic hallmark of alcoholic hepatitis. Whether RIPK3 level is correlated with neutrophil infiltration or poor prognosis in alcoholic cirrhotic patients is still unknown. We aimed to determine the correlation of RIPK3 and neutrophil infiltration with the prognosis in the end-stage alcoholic cirrhotic patients. A total of 20 alcoholic cirrhotic patients subjected to liver transplantation and 5 normal liver samples from control patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Neutrophil infiltration and necroptosis were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and RIPK3, respectively. The noninvasive score system (model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)) and histological score systems (Ishak, Knodell, and ALD grading and ALD stage) were used to evaluate the prognosis. Neutrophil infiltration was aggravated in patients with a high MELD score (≥32) in the liver. The MPO and RIPK3 levels in the liver were positively related to the Ishak score. The RIPK3 was also significantly and positively related to the Knodell score. In conclusion, RIPK3-mediated necroptosis and neutrophil-mediated alcoholic liver inflammatory response are highly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with end-stage alcoholic cirrhosis. RIPK3 and MPO might serve as potential predictors for poor prognosis in alcoholic cirrhotic patients.

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Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease Is Associated with Development of Heart Failure Early after Liver Transplantation

Journal of Cardiac Failure ◽

10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.06.066 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. S19

Author(s):

Taylor F. Dowsley ◽

David B. Bayne ◽

Alan N. Langnas ◽

Ioana Dumitru ◽

John R. Windle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

End Stage Liver Disease ◽

End Stage

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Liver Transplantation for the Gastroenterologist

10.2310/gastro.5500 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Andreea M. Catana ◽

Michael P. Curry

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Organ Procurement ◽

The United States ◽

Waiting Lists ◽

Liver Graft ◽

Term Survival ◽

End Stage Liver Disease ◽

End Stage

The first liver transplantation (LT) was performed in 1963, and currently more than 65,000 people in the United States are living with a transplanted liver. In 2012, the number of adults who registered on the LT waiting list decreased for the first time since 2002; 10,143 candidates were added compared with 10,359 in 2011. LT offers long-term survival for complications of end-stage liver disease and prolongs life in properly selected patients, but problems such as donor deficit, geographic disparities, and long waiting lists remain. This overview of LT for the gastroenterologist details the indications for LT and patient selection, evaluation, liver organ allocation, prioritization for transplantation, transplantation benefit by the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD limitations, sources of liver graft, strategies employed to decrease the donor deficit, complications, and outcomes. Figures include indications for LT in Europe and the United States, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network regions in the United States, the number of transplants and size of active waiting lists, mortality by MELD, regional disparity, patient survival rates with and without hepatitis C virus, and unadjusted patient and graft survival. Tables list LT milestones, indications for LT, contraindications for LT, minimal listing criteria for LT, criteria for LT in acute liver failure, LT evaluation process, adult recipient listing status 1A, and early posttransplantation complications. This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 46 references.

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