scholarly journals Sex and Gender Differences in the Effects of Novel Psychoactive Substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Liana Fattore ◽  
Matteo Marti ◽  
Rafaela Mostallino ◽  
Maria Paola Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Sex and gender deeply affect the subjective effects and pharmaco-toxicological responses to drugs. Men are more likely than women to use almost all types of illicit drugs and to present to emergency departments for serious or fatal intoxications. However, women are just as likely as men to develop substance use disorders, and may be more susceptible to craving and relapse. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown important differences between males and females after administration of “classic” drugs of abuse (e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), morphine, cocaine). This scenario has become enormously complicated in the last decade with the overbearing appearance of the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that have emerged as alternatives to regulated drugs. To date, more than 900 NPS have been identified, and can be catalogued in different pharmacological categories including synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic stimulants (cathinones and amphetamine-like), hallucinogenic phenethylamines, synthetic opioids (fentanyls and non-fentanyls), new benzodiazepines and dissociative anesthetics (i.e., methoxetamine and phencyclidine-derivatives). This work collects the little knowledge reached so far on the effects of NPS in male and female animal and human subjects, highlighting how much sex and gender differences in the effects of NPS has yet to be studied and understood.

Sex and Gender Differences

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hausmann ◽  
Barbara Schober
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

scholarly journals Influence of sex and gender on the management of late-stage knee osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Moretti ◽  
A. Spinarelli ◽  
G. Varrassi ◽  
L. Massari ◽  
A. Gigante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Physician Practices ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Abstract Purpose The exact nature of sex and gender differences in knee osteoarthritis (OA) among patient candidates for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unclear and requires better elucidation to guide clinical practice. The purpose of this investigation was to survey physician practices and perceptions about the influence of sex and gender on knee OA presentation, care, and outcomes after TKA. Methods The survey questions were elaborated by a multidisciplinary scientific board composed of 1 pain specialist, 4 orthopedic specialists, 2 physiatrists, and 1 expert in gender medicine. The survey included 5 demographic questions and 20 topic questions. Eligible physician respondents were those who treat patients during all phases of care (pain specialists, orthopedic specialists, and physiatrists). All survey responses were anonymized and handled via remote dispersed geographic participation. Results Fifty-six physicians (71% male) accepted the invitation to complete the survey. In general, healthcare professionals expressed that women presented worse symptomology, higher pain intensity, and lower pain tolerance and necessitated a different pharmacological approach compared to men. Pain and orthopedic specialists were more likely to indicate sex and gender differences in knee OA than physiatrists. Physicians expressed that the absence of sex and gender-specific instruments and indications is an important limitation on available studies. Conclusions Healthcare professionals perceive multiple sex and gender-related differences in patients with knee OA, especially in the pre- and perioperative phases of TKA. Sex and gender bias sensitivity training for physicians can potentially improve the objectivity of care for knee OA among TKA candidates.

Rethinking an Assessment of Nicotine Dependence: A Sex, Gender and Diversity Analysis of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Richardson ◽  
Lorraine Greaves ◽  
Natasha Jategaonkar ◽  
Kirsten Bell ◽  
Ann Pederson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

AbstractThis article assesses whether the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), adequately reflects sex, gender and diversity related differences in nicotine dependence. Available studies on the FTND were reviewed and a sex, gender and diversity analysis (SGBA) of this instrument was conducted. Results indicate that sex and gender differences in nicotine dependence may undermine the ability of the FTND to present an adequate picture of dependence. Conducting a SGBA on this Fagerstrom test reveals that sex and gender differences likely limit the ability of this instrument to present an accurate picture of dependence in diverse groups. Further research is needed to enhance the sensitivity of the FTND.

Arrhythmia in Cardiomyopathy: Sex and Gender Differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sul Ki Kim ◽  
Richard Bennett ◽  
Jodie Ingles ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
Sarah Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences
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