scholarly journals Sea Anemone Toxins: A Structural Overview

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Madio ◽  
Glenn F. King ◽  
Eivind A. B. Undheim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Molecular Scaffolds ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Functional Convergence

Sea anemones produce venoms of exceptional molecular diversity, with at least 17 different molecular scaffolds reported to date. These venom components have traditionally been classified according to pharmacological activity and amino acid sequence. However, this classification system suffers from vulnerabilities due to functional convergence and functional promiscuity. Furthermore, for most known sea anemone toxins, the exact receptors they target are either unknown, or at best incomplete. In this review, we first provide an overview of the sea anemone venom system and then focus on the venom components. We have organised the venom components by distinguishing firstly between proteins and non-proteinaceous compounds, secondly between enzymes and other proteins without enzymatic activity, then according to the structural scaffold, and finally according to molecular target.

scholarly journals The amino acid sequence of toxin RpIII from the sea anemone, Radianthus paumotensis

FEBS Letters ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Metrione ◽  
Hugues Schweitz ◽  
Kenneth A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone

Functional discrimination of sea anemone neurotoxins using 3D-plotting

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Ludis Morales ◽  
Orlando Acevedo ◽  
María Martínez ◽  
Dmitry Gokhman ◽  
Carlos Corredor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractOne of the most important goals in structural biology is the identification of functional relationships among the structure of proteins and peptides. The purpose of this study was to (1) generate a model based on theoretical and computational considerations among amino acid sequences within select neurotoxin peptides, and (2) compare the relationship these values have to the various toxins tested. We employed isolated neurotoxins from sea anemones with established specific potential to act on voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channel activity as our model. Values were assigned to each amino acid in the peptide sequence of the neurotoxins tested using the Number of Lareo and Acevedo algorithm (NULA). Once the NULA number was obtained, it was then plotted using three dimensional space coordinates. The results of this study allow us to report, for the first time, that there is a different numerical and functional relationship between the sequences of amino acids from sea anemone neurotoxins, and the resulting numerical relationship for each peptide, or NULA number, has a unique location in three-dimensional space.

Isolation, characterization, and amino acid sequence of a polypeptide neurotoxin occurring in the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus

Biochemistry ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 3483-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kem ◽  
Benne Parten ◽  
Michael W. Pennington ◽  
David A. Price ◽  
Ben M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone

scholarly journals Isolation and Amino Acid Sequence of a Polypeptide Toxin from the Sea Anemone Radianthus crispus

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Shiomi ◽  
Xin-Yu Lin ◽  
Yuji Nagashima ◽  
Masami Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone

Calitoxin, a neurotoxic peptide from the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica: amino-acid sequence and electrophysiological properties

Biochemistry ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2484-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Cariello ◽  
A. De Santis ◽  
F. Fiore ◽  
R. Piccoli ◽  
A. Spagnuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Neurotoxic Peptide ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica

Amino acid sequence studies on cytolytic toxins from sea anemone Heteractis magnifica, Entacmaea quadricolor and Stichodactyla mertensii (Anthozoa)

Toxicon ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Samejima ◽  
M. Yanagisawa ◽  
Y. Aoki-Tomomatsu ◽  
E. Iwasaki ◽  
J. Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Heteractis Magnifica ◽  
Stichodactyla Mertensii ◽  
Entacmaea Quadricolor

Amino acid sequence of a sea anemone toxin from Parasicyonis actinostoloides

1985 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru NISHIDA ◽  
Shozo FUJITA ◽  
Akira WARASHINA ◽  
Mei SATAKE ◽  
Nobuo TAMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Sea Anemone Toxin

Amino acid sequence of two sea anemone toxins from Anthopleura fuscoviridis

Toxicon ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sunahara ◽  
Koji Muramoto ◽  
Kyosuke Tenma ◽  
Hisao Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sea Anemone
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