Specification for normal equal-loudness level contours for pure tones under free-field listening conditions

1988 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Field ◽  
Loudness Level ◽  
Pure Tones

Absolute Pitch and Its Frequency Range

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rakowski ◽  
Piotr Rogowski
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Musical Scale ◽  
Loudness Level ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Upper Boundary

AbstractThis paper has two distinct parts. Section 1 includes general discussion of the phenomenon of "absolute pitch" (AP), and presentation of various concepts concerning definitions of "full", "partial" and "pseudo" AP. Sections 2-4 include presentation of the experiment concerning frequency range in which absolute pitch appears, and discussion of the experimental results. The experiment was performed with participation of 9 AP experts selected from the population of 250 music students as best scoring in the pitch-naming piano-tone screening tests. Each subject had to recognize chromas of 108 pure tones representing the chromatic musical scale of nine octaves from E0 to D#9. The series of 108 tones was presented to each subject 60 times in random order, diotically, with loudness level about 65 phon. Percentage of correct recognitions (PC) for each tone was computed. The frequency range for the existence of absolute pitch in pure tones, perceived by sensitive AP possessors stretches usually over 5 octaves from about 130.6 Hz (C3) to about 3.951 Hz (B7). However, it was noted that in a single case, the upper boundary of AP was 9.397 Hz (D9). The split-halves method was applied to estimate the reliability of the obtained results.

scholarly journals Equal-loudness levels measured with the method of constant stimuli Equal-loudness level contours for pure tone under free-field listening conditions (II).

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Takeshima ◽  
Yôiti Suzuki ◽  
Masazumi Kumagai ◽  
Toshio Sone ◽  
Takeshi Fujimori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Loudness Level ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

Experimental Studies on the Uncomfortable Loudness Level

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. G. Stephens ◽  
C. M. B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Loudness Level

A number of experimental determinations of the uncomfortable loudness level (ULL) at 1000 Hz were made on several groups of normal-hearing subjects, using various methods of stimulus presentation and applying different personality measures to the subjects. The same mean levels were found for both earphone and free-field presentations. In experienced subjects the monaural-binaural difference was between 2.5 and 4 dB in different experiments. In naive subjects this difference was 6 dB. In two groups of subjects, ULL was found to be significantly negatively correlated with their test anxiety scores, but this correlation did not hold for the other two groups tested. Naive subjects showed little difference in intersubject variance with the manual or Bekesy presentation techniques.

scholarly journals Equal-loudness level contours for pure tone under free field listening conditions. (I). Some data and considerations on experimental conditions.

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiki Suzuki ◽  
Yoiti Suzuki ◽  
Shunichi Kono ◽  
Toshio Sone ◽  
Masazumi Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Loudness Level

A free field room for measuring pure tones

1981 ◽  
Vol 69 (S1) ◽  
pp. S9-S9
Author(s):  
O. L. Angevine ◽  
E. N. Angevine
Keyword(s):  
Free Field ◽  
Pure Tones

Frequency and amplitude representations in anterior primary auditory cortex of the mustached bat

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1182-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asanuma ◽  
D. Wong ◽  
N. Suga
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Mustached Bat ◽  
Pteronotus Parnellii ◽  
Frequency Representation ◽  
Pure Tones

The orientation sound emitted by the Panamanian mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus, consists of four harmonics. The third harmonic is 6-12 dB weaker than the predominant second harmonic and consists of a long constant-frequency component (CF3) at about 92 kHz and a short frequency-modulated component (FM3) sweeping from about 92 to 74 kHz. Our primary aim is to examine how CF3 and FM3 are represented in a region of the primary auditory cortex anterior to the Doppler-shifted constant-frequency (DSCF) area. Extracellular recordings of neuronal responses from the unanesthetized animal were obtained during free-field stimulation of the ears with pure tones. FM sounds, and signals simulating their orientation sounds and echoes. Response properties of neurons and tonotopic and amplitopic representations were examined in the primary and the anteroventral nonprimary auditory cortex. In the anterior primary auditory cortex, neurons responded strongly to single pure tones but showed no facilitative responses to paired stimuli. Neurons with best frequencies from 110 to 90 kHz were tonotopically organized rostrocaudally, with higher frequencies located more rostrally. Neurons tuned to 92-94 kHz were overpresented, whereas neurons tuned to sound between 64 and 91 kHz were rarely found. Consequently a striking discontinuity in frequency representation from 91 to 64 kHz was found across the anterior DSCF border. Most neurons exhibited monotonic impulse-count functions and responded maximally to sound pressure level (SPL). There were also neurons that responded best to weak sounds but unlike the DSCF area, amplitopic representation was not found. Thus, the DSCF area is quite unique not only in its extensive representation of frequencies in the second harmonic CF component but also in its amplitopic representation. The anteroventral nonprimary auditory cortex consisted of neurons broadly tuned to pure tones between 88 and 99 kHz. Neither tonotopic nor amplitopic representation was observed. Caudal to this area and near the anteroventral border of the DSCF area, a small cluster of FM-FM neurons sensitive to particular echo delays was identified. The responses of these neurons fluctuated significantly during repetitive stimulation.

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