Passenger cars. Test track for a severe lane-change manoeuvre

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lane Change ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Test Track

The Influence of Static Factors on Seating Comfort of Motorcycles: An Initial Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Sai Praveen Velagapudi ◽  
Gaur Gopal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Seating Comfort

Objective: The aim of the current study is to examine the influence of static factors on overall seating comfort in motorcycles and validate the use of static lab-based setups for evaluating seating comfort in motorcycles. Background: Seating comfort in automobiles has two factors, static and dynamic. Research on seating comfort of passenger cars has shown that when the magnitude of vibration reaching the seat is low, comfort is largely determined by static factors. Studies have also validated the use of static lab-based setups for research on seating comfort in passenger cars. Static lab-based setups are easy to develop, provide a controlled environment, and efficient for experimental research. The riding posture, mass distribution, and dynamics of a motorcycle differ from a passenger car and warrant further investigation to extend the results from the research on passenger cars. Method: The study compares subjective rating of seating comfort and objective measurement of seat interface pressure in two test conditions: a static lab-based setup and actual driving on a flat test track where the magnitude of vibration reaching the seat is low. The vibration at the seat is measured for the driving trial. A group of 18 male volunteers from TVS Motor Company participated in the study, and two motorcycles from the economy/executive segment of India are used in the study. The subjective ratings are analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation. The vibration data are analyzed as per ISO 2631-1 to calculate the frequency-weighted acceleration, aw. Results: The results show that there is no significant difference between the two test conditions either in the objective measurements or in the subjective rating of comfort. There is also a statistically significant correlation between the subjective ratings of seating comfort in static lab-based setup and actual riding ( r = .77, p < .01, n = 36). The mean aw at the seat while driving in the test track used in this study is 0.2 m/s2. Conclusion: Static factors have a significant influence on seating comfort in motorcycles. When the vibration reaching the seat is low ( aw ≤ 0.2 m/s2), seating comfort is largely determined by the static factors. The use of static lab-based setups for evaluating static factors of seating comfort in motorcycles is validated. Application: The results of this study enable further research to understand the human criterion for seating comfort in motorcycles using static lab-based setups which are easier to develop and provide controlled environment that is essential for any research.

Eye Glance Behavior of van and Passenger Car Drivers during Lane Change Decision Phase

2005 ◽  
Vol 1937 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Tijerina ◽  
W. Riley Garrott ◽  
Duane Stoltzfus ◽  
Edwin Parmer
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
City Street ◽  
Test Route ◽  
Mirror Use ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
The Right

Data are presented on the eye glance behavior of passenger car and van drivers before the start of discretionary lane changes. Thirty-nine volunteers ranging from 20 to 60 years of age served as either van drivers (N = 19) or passenger car drivers (N = 20) in the study. Each driver used an instrumented vehicle and was accompanied by a ride-along observer in daylight and dry pavement conditions. The test route included driving on both public highways at 55 mph or more and city roads at 25 to 35 mph. A total of 549 lane changes (290 for vans, 259 for passenger cars) were analyzed in terms of driver eye glance behavior 10 s before the lane change start. Results indicated that for left-to-right lane changes, the probability of a glance to the center mirror was substantially higher than the probability of a glance to the right side mirror. For right-to-left lane changes, the probability of a glance to the center mirror was substantially less than that for rightward lane changes, and the probability of a glance to the left side mirror was appreciably higher than that for right side mirror use in rightward lane changes. These results held for both van and passenger car drivers. Except for a slightly higher probability of over-the-shoulder glances on city roads, these results hold for both highway and city street driving. These data should be factored into the design of lane change warning system displays and mirror systems.

scholarly journals Take-over expectation and criticality in Level 3 automated driving: a test track study on take-over behavior in semi-trucks

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-744
Author(s):  
Alexander Lotz ◽  
Nele Russwinkel ◽  
Enrico Wohlfarth
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Critical Situations

Abstract With the introduction of advanced driving assistance systems managing longitudinal and lateral control, conditional automated driving is seemingly in near future of series vehicles. While take-over behavior in the passenger car context has been investigated intensively in recent years, publications on semi-trucks with professional drivers are sparse. The effects influencing expert drivers during take-overs in this context lack thorough investigation and are required to design systems that facilitate safe take-overs. While multiple findings seem to cohere in passenger cars and semi-trucks, these findings rely on simulated studies without taking environments as found in the real world into account. A test track study was conducted, simulating highway driving with 27 professional non-affiliated truck drivers. The participants drove an automated Level 3 semi-truck while a non-driving-related task was available. Multiple time critical take-over situations were initiated during the drives to investigate four main objectives regarding driver behavior. (1) With these results, comparison of reaction times and behavior can be drawn to previous simulator studies. The effect of situation criticality (2) and training (3) of take-over situations is investigated. (4) The influence of warning expectation on driver behavior is explored. Results obtained displayed very quick time to hands on steering and time to first reaction all under 2.4 s. Highly critical situations generate very quick reaction times M = 0.81 s, while the manipulation of expectancy yielded no significant variation in reaction times. These reaction times serve as a reference of what can be expected from drivers under optimal take-over conditions, with quick reactions at high speed in critical situations.

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