Faculty Opinions recommendation of RORγt drives production of the cytokine GM-CSF in helper T cells, which is essential for the effector phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation.

SummaryT follicular helper (TFH) and Cytotoxic CD4 (ThCTL) are tissue-restricted CD4 effector subsets, functionally specialized to mediate optimal Ab production and cytotoxicity of infected cells. Influenza infection generates robust CD4 responses, including lung ThCTL and SLO TFH, that protect against reinfection by variant strains. Antigen (Ag) presentation after infection, lasts through the effector phase of the response. Here, we show that this effector phase Ag presentation, well after priming, is required to drive CD4 effectors to ThCTL and TFH. Using in vivo influenza models, we varied Ag presentation to effectors acutely, just at the effector phase. Ag presentation was required in the tissue of effector residence. We suggest these requirements contain unnecessary or potentially pathogenic CD4 responses, only allowing them if infection is uncleared. The results imply that providing effector phase Ag, would lead to stronger humoral and CD4 tissue immunity and thus can be applied to improve vaccine design.

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A novel subset of helper T cells promotes immune responses by secreting GM-CSF

Cell Death and Differentiation ◽

10.1038/cdd.2013.130 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1731-1741 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J Zhang ◽

A I Roberts ◽

C Liu ◽

G Ren ◽

G Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Helper T Cells ◽

Gm Csf

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The role of alpha-fetoprotein in regulation of the cytokine profile of activated T-helpers and their conversion in Th17 phenotype

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20196504347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 347-355

Author(s):

S.A. Zamorina ◽

V.P. Timganova ◽

L.S. Litvinova ◽

N.M. Todosenko ◽

M.S. Bochkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immunomagnetic Separation ◽

Alpha Fetoprotein ◽

Cytokine Profile ◽

Helper T Cells ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Expression Evaluation ◽

Culture Supernatants

We studied the effect of the native (non-recombinant) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on differentiation, proliferation, and cytokine profile of activated helper T cells 17 (Th17). The object of the study was a culture of isolated by immunomagnetic separation helper T cells (CD4+), induced into the Th17 phenotype by using TCR-activator and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). AFP had not significant effect on the frequency of Th17 cells (ROR-γτ+) in the helper T cell culture, and did not affect proliferation of these cells, as measured by Ki-67 expression. Evaluation of the cytokine profile of culture supernatants by using the Luminex xMAP technology, revealed that AFP did not affect the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α, but at concentrations of 50 IU/ml and 100 IU/ml it increased IL-2 production by activated helper T cells. At the same time, AFP suppressed the synthesis of G-CSF and GM-CSF (10 IU/ml), but stimulated the production of CCL4/MIP-1β (100 IU/ml) and CCL2/MCP-1 chemokines (10 IU/ml and 50 IU/ml).

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