PEMBANGUNAN PEMERINTAHAN MADINAH MELALUI PEMIKIRAN DAN USAHA INTELEKTUAL PERSPEKTIF PERADABAN ISLAM MASA NABI MUHAMMAD SAW

Civilization can only be built through a strong and mature leadership process. The Prophet Muhammad SAW as a leader was able to show evidence that he was able to build a pluralistic, heterogeneous and pluralistic social order of society, especially in the city of Medina where basically the people of the city highly uphold these values. Driven by the spirit of Islam, Prophet Muhammad SAW moved and fought as a revolutionary who succeeded in bringing Islam into a perfect religion to be accepted by the people of Medina. This can be seen from a major event which became known as the Medina Charter. The Hijrah agenda is a benchmark for the existence of Islam in conveying messages of peace starting from the city of Medina. This research was conducted with a Library Research approach and searches from journals and scientific articles with the aim of producing accurate and scientifically accountable research.

ideology of “taking people as the root” of the ly dynasty in Vietnam

Ideology is always an issue that plays an important role in the life of a society, and that ideology also greatly influences the process of ruling the country of dynasties in the history. Unlike previous dynasties, which lasted only a few decades, the Ly dynasty represents a flourishing period of feudalism lasting more than 200 years. A major event was that King Ly Thanh Tong changed the country name from Dai Co Viet to Dai Viet in 1054, ushering in a brilliant era in Vietnamese history. The ideology of “taking people as the root” of Vietnamese feudal dynasties highlights the unyielding and indomitable fighting spirit for the right to enjoy independence and freedom in the old land of Giao Chi and Cuu Chan, which later was Dai Viet and is now Vietnam. It also reflects the desire for people to live in peace and harmony. This articles focuses on studying the ideology of “taking people as the root” through the reign of kings of the Ly dynasty in Vietnam. From there, the article points out the achievements and limitations in the process of taking care of people, as well as historical lessons for the development of the country today.

Protection of children's rights in Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey

One of the most pressing issues in the world today is the protection of children's rights. A major event in this area was the adoption of the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. At the time of the development and adoption of the Convention, Ukraine and Azerbaijan were part of the USSR. However, the Ukrainian SSR, unlike the Azerbaijani SSR, was the primary founding member of the United Nations and therefore participated in the development and adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, like Turkey, whose observers also participated in this process. This article examines the participation of Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey in the development and adoption of the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, the adoption and ratification of the Convention is only the first step in the realization of children's rights at the national level. The national special laws of Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey in the field of protection of children's rights are also studied. This article concludes on the different direction of the special laws of these countries. Moreover, there are some differences in the content of the laws, namely some of them includes not only rights, but also the duties of the child. The state of protection of children's rights in Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Turkey is a priority and urgent issue in the state policy of these countries and needs to be improved. The conclusions provide recommendations for improving the legislation of these countries.

A Preliminary Case-Control Study: Peritoneal Approach in Congestive Heart Failure Treatment

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Congestive heart failure (CHF) associated with worsening renal function is a very common disorder, and, as well known, the goal of the treatment is reducing venous congestion and maintaining a targeted extracellular volume. The objective of the study is to evaluate regular peritoneal ultrafiltration treatment compared to a standard conservative approach in NYHA III–IV CHF patients. In particular, the primary endpoints of the study were the major event-free survival and the total days of medical care per month (which consist of the days of hospitalization and the number of outpatient visits). <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> This is a retrospective case-control study. Twenty-four patients were included in the present study. Twelve consecutive patients were treated with peritoneal treatment (group A) and 12 matched for age, gender, and severity of disease with a standard approach. Patients were observed over a maximum period of 18 months. Information on events, hospitalizations, and number of visits was collected during follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During the follow-up, we observed a major event in 4 patients in group A (33.3%) and in 8 patients in group B (66.7%). In group B, we observed 7 deaths and 1 ICD shock, while in group A, 3 deaths and 1 ICD shock. The number of visits per month was significantly lower in patients treated with the peritoneal method (1.2 [0.4–4.1] vs. 2.5 [2.0–3.1]; <i>p</i> = 0.03). The total days of medical care was significantly lower in group A (2.0 [1.1–5.5] vs. 4.4 [3.0–8.7]; <i>p</i> = 0.034). A multiple event analysis according to the Andersen-Gill model showed a significant event-free survival for group A. During the follow-up, we did not observe any episode of peritonitis in the treated group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study shows that the peritoneal technique is a good therapeutic tool in well-selected patients with CHF. In accordance with prior experience, this intervention has not only an important and significant clinical impact but also potential economic and social consequences.

MENILIK PERTUNJUKAN ADU DOMBA DI PRIANGAN PADA MASA KOLONIAL

Adu domba sangat populer di Priangan, khususnya di wilayah Garut. Popularitas adu domba (Garut) tidak bisa dilepaskan dari historisitasnya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempertanyakan kemunculan domba Garut serta pertunjukan adu domba pada awal perkembangannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, dengan memanfaatkan sumber berupa buku dan koran yang diproduksi pada masa kolonial. Temuan utama penelitian ini ialah kemunculan jenis domba Garut dilatarbelakangi impor domba yang diinisiasi oleh K.F. Holle untuk tujuan budidaya wol. Kawin silang domba impor dan domba lokal menghasilkan jenis domba petarung yang lazim disebut domba Garut. Pertunjukan adu domba muncul dari kebiasaan masyarakat pribumi dalam mengadu binatang, hingga berkembang menjadi hiburan yang sering diselenggarakan pada setiap event besar. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagai domba petarung, domba Garut muncul dari ‘ketidaksengajaan’ hingga menjadi populer sejak akhir abad ke-19, dengan diiringi berbagai kecaman dari perspektif orang Eropa perihal esensi permainannya. Fighting sheep is very popular in Priangan, especially in the Garut region. The popularity of fighting sheep can't be separated from the history that lies behind it. This research is intended to answer the questions about the emergence of Garut sheep and sheep fighting show at the beginning of its development. The method used in this research is the historical method by utilizing sources of books and newspapers produced during the colonial period. The main finding of this study is that the emergence of the Garut sheep breed was motivated by the import of sheep initiated by K.F. Holle for wool cultivation purposes. The crossbreeding of imported sheep and local sheep has resulted in the type of fighting sheep which is now commonly referred to as Garut sheep. The fighting sheep show itself emerged from the indigenous people's habit of fighting animals which later developed into an entertainment that was often held at every major event. The conclusion of this study is that Garut sheep as fighting sheep emerged from an 'accidental habits' and then became popular since the late 19th century. On the other hand, it has also drawn criticism from the perspective of Europeans who are concerned about the essence of the fighting sheep.

Reflections on early studies of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication

It is almost 50 years since theoretical work on elastohydrodynamic lubrication commenced in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of The University of Leeds. Details of the development of numerical solutions to the line contact problem during the 6-year period (1956–1962) that the authors worked together on the problem will be outlined. The computing aids available during the 18-month period involved in generating the first solution consisted of two hand-operated mechanical calculating machines, with the first digital computer at Leeds being installed in 1959. The general research environment during the period will be recalled and a number of significant events recorded. It is appropriate to record at this Symposium aspect of these initial developments in a subject that has dominated research in tribology throughout the latter part of the 20th century and into the early years of the 21st century. The excitement of being involved in taking some of the first steps in a field described by the late Professor F.T. Barwell (1970) as ‘The major event in the development of lubrication science since Reynolds's own paper’, will be recalled.

Volatility of LQ45 Index Situation Before and After Eid al-Fitr

Many factors influence the movement of stocks on the capital market, one of which is a major event that occurs at a certain time, such as religious holiday event. This study aims to examine whether or not there is a change in the level of stock volume movement and abnormal return of stocks affected by the religious holiday event, namely Eid al-Fitr, thus affecting transactions in the capital market. The variable studied is the volume of shares that gives an idea of the number of outstanding shares traded every day and the abnormal variable return of shares is the difference between the actual return that occurs with the return of expectations. Both variables can provide information that is expected to help investors manage investment strategies at major events such as Eid al-Fitr. The data used is secondary data from the www.investing.com sites from 2013 to 2019, namely 15 days before and 15 days after Eid al-Fitr. The method used is Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test because it turns out that the processed data is not distributed normally after being tested for normality. The results of this study prove that there is no difference in the abnormal level of return of shares before and after Eid al-Fitr, and proves the hypothesis that there is a change in stock volume before and after the Eid al-Fitr event.

The Birth of the Islamic State and its Impact on European Youth

Since 2013, a major event occurred in the Middle East. A jihadi group founded a new state in June 2014 with a territory that was, at its heights, as vast as the United Kingdom under the name of the Islamic State in Syria and Sham (ISIS), and later on, simply the Islamic State (IS). Chapter 1 reveals how this event was a sea change in jihadism, not only in the Middle East but also in Europe and, more generally, worldwide. IS brought about a great transformation in the minds of European jihadis. European societies had not undergone major ruptures between the years 2000 and 2014, but the number of young people who became jihadi warriors, either internally (the so-called homegrown terrorists) or externally (the so-called Foreign Fighters) grew disproportionately between 2013 and 2016 in comparison to the pre-IS period. A key element was holding a territory as a state. It fundamentally changed the capacity of this jihadi organization. One essential characteristic of IS was its apocalyptic nature. The creation of the new caliphate in 2014 after a ninety-year interruption aroused new hopes in many parts of the Sunni world, traumatized by the failure of nationalism and pan-Arabism and eager to rekindle its lost glory. The attraction of radical Islamic utopias promising revenge against inhospitable European societies pushed a tiny minority of them toward violent action in the name of Allah, in particular after the creation of IS that galvanized them in that sense.

Foreword

The Foreword is written by Simon Milne MBE FRSE, Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He introduces this special edition of Sibbaldia that documents the proceedings of The Sibbaldia & PlantNetwork Conference 2020. The Conference was a major event in the celebration of the 350th anniversary of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), with the primary aim of promoting excellence in botanic garden horticulture. That aim was most certainly achieved thanks to the impressive line-up of speakers and their expertise, combined with the enthusiasm and interaction of all participants. The Conference was held online due to the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whilst in-person contact was absent, the virtual format enabled a broader range of delegates to attend.A total of 250 delegates gathered in their virtual space from 28 to 30 October to hear from ten keynote speakers in the main sessions, seven presenters in two parallel sessions and a broad range of expert practitioners in the free session, and for the grand finale – ‘Horticulture in 2020’. The themes ranged from conservation, curation and cultivation to heritage, plant health and education. The insightful papers contained within this volume artfully weave together these themes, reflecting their connectivity. The depth of botanical, horticultural and pedagogical experience is outstanding, the content of the papers reflecting the authors’ vast experience and knowledge.