Computed tomographic evaluation of the canine intercondylar notch in normal and cruciate deficient stifles

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Allen ◽  
T. D. Henrikson ◽  
T. W. Lehenbauer ◽  
B. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Notch Angle ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Orthopaedic Literature ◽  
Notch Width Index

SummaryIn the human and veterinary orthopaedic literature it has been implied that intercondylar notch stenosis is a mechanical factor in cranial cruciate ligament rupture and intraarticular graft failure. The patients in this study were classified as normal (32), unilateral cruciate rupture (23), or bilateral cruciate rupture (17). The dogs were placed under general anaesthesia and both stifles were scanned via computed tomography (CT) as previously described. Three CT slices at predetermined levels were evaluated within the notch. Measurements included opening notch angle, notch width and height, condyle width, and notch width index (notch width/ condyle width) at two different heights within the notch. Intercondylar notch measurements at the most cranial extent were significantly more narrow in unilateral and bilaterally affected stifles when compared to the normal population. Significant differences were noted in the opening notch angle (ONA), notch width index (NWI), NWI at two thirds notch height (NWI2/3), and tibial slope index (TSI). No significant differences were noted between unilateral and bilateral affected stifles. Increased mechanical contact of the cranial cruciate ligament with a stenotic intercondylar notch may predispose the ligament to mechanical wear and structural weakening. Intercondylar notch measurements have been used as a tool to predict the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in young human athletes, and to assess the risk factors for intra-articular graft replacements. Our findings may be useful in developing similar predictive models using stifle CT scans.

Intercondylar Notch Width in Dogs With and Without Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injuries

1995 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Kass ◽  
J. P. Toombs ◽  
S. W. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Intercondylar Notch Width ◽  
Notch Width Index

SummaryThis prospective study evaluated the intercondylar notch width in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries. The intercondylar notch width was measured in 45 stifles with CCL injuries and 98 normal stifle joints to determine if stifles with CCL injuries have outlet stenosis of the intercondylar notch. A notch width index was calculated in order to compensate for the variety of dog sizes. Stifles with CCL injuries had significantly smaller notch width indices as compared to normal stifles. We concluded that intercondylar notchplasty should be performed if an intra-articular repair of the CCL deficient stifle is planned in order to minimize impingement of the stenotic intercondylar notch on the intra-articular graft.An intercondylar notch width index was determined in 45 stifles with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries and 98 normal stifle joints. Stifles with CCL injuries were found to have significantly smaller intercondylar notch width indices as compared to normal stifles.

scholarly journals Relationship between intercondylar notch angle and anterior cruciate ligament injury: a magnetic resonance imaging analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1602-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengquan Huang ◽  
Yubiao Li ◽  
Naiming Guo ◽  
Chunlai Liao ◽  
Bin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Notch Angle ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objectives This study was performed to compare the intercondylar notch angle (INA) and tibial slope in patients with and without anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and determine the risk factors and influence of these anatomic variations on ACL injury. Methods Participants with and without non-contact ACL injuries were included in the patient and control groups, respectively. The INA (formed by the femoral axis and Blumensaat line), lateral tibial slope (LTS), and medial tibial slope (MTS) were measured on magnetic resonance images. Comparisons were performed between the two groups. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the influence of the variables on ACL injury. Results Fifty-two participants were included in each group. The INA was significantly smaller and the LTS was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls. No difference was found in the MTS between the two groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the combination of the INA and LTS was 0.776 (95% confidence interval, 0.688–0.864). Conclusions The INA was smaller and the LTS was greater in patients with than without ACL tears. The INA in combination with the LTS could be used to predict ACL injury.

scholarly journals Stenotic intercondylar notch is not a risk factor for posterior cruciate ligament rupture: a morphological analyses using magnetic resonance imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Xiaoreng Feng ◽  
Zhenming Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Notch Width Index

Abstract Purpose The present study aimed to examine the factors related to the morphological characteristics of the femoral condyle in posterior cruciate ligament rupture in female and male populations. Methods One hundred and three patients (41 females, 62 males) with posterior cruciate ligament rupture from 2010 to 2020 were included in this retrospective case–control study. The sex and age of the posterior cruciate ligament rupture group were matched to those of the control group (41 females, 62 males; age range 16–69 years). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the intercondylar notch width, femoral condylar width, and intercondylar notch angle in both the axial and coronal images. The ‘α’ angle was also measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The notch width index is the ratio of the intercondylar notch width to the femoral condylar width. Three types of intercondylar notch shapes (types A, U, and W) were evaluated in the axial magnetic resonance imaging images. Results The difference in the mean coronal notch width index between the study groups was statistically significant in the female population. The difference in the mean coronal femoral condylar width between the study groups was statistically significant in the male population. Conclusions A larger coronal notch width index was the greatest risk factor for posterior cruciate ligament rupture in the female population. In the male population, decreased coronal condylar width was the greatest risk factor for posterior cruciate ligament rupture. The results did not indicate that patients with a PCL rupture have a stenotic intercondylar notch. Posterior cruciate ligament injury prevention strategies could be applied to females with a larger coronal notch width index and males with a decreased condylar width. Levels of evidence Level III.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Alignment in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Deficient versus –Intact Knees

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Chor-Yat Chung ◽  
Wai-Lam Chan ◽  
Sze-Hung Wong
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Acl Deficient ◽  
Notch Width Index

Purpose. To compare anatomic lower limb features of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient versus –intact knees in Chinese subjects. Methods. Anatomic lower limb features (mechanical axis, tibiofemoral angle, posterior tibial slope, notch width index, and hip neck-shaft angle) of 25 men and 3 women aged 18 to 39 (mean, 26) years with ACL-deficient knees, and 16 men and 4 women aged 24 to 31 (mean, 28) years with ACL-intact knees were compared using radiography. Results. The notch width index (0.26 vs. 0.29, p=0.02) was significantly smaller in ACL-deficient than ACL-intact knees. Conclusion. Small notch width was associated with a thin ACL and can be regarded as an anatomic intrinsic risk factor for ACL injuries.

scholarly journals What is the impact of knee morphology on posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture in men and women: a case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Fan ◽  
Yong-chen Zheng ◽  
Lei Zang ◽  
Cheng-gang Yang ◽  
Shuo Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avulsion Fracture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pcl Avulsion ◽  
Notch Width Index

Abstract Background Several studies on the relationship between morphological parameters and traumatic diseases of the knee have already been conducted. However, few studies focused on the association between knee morphology and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of knee morphology on PCL avulsion fracture and determine risk factors in men and women separately. Methods A retrospective case-control study of 48 patients (comprised 25 men and 23 women) with PCL avulsion fracture compared with 48 age- and sex-matched controls was performed from 2012 to 2018. MRI measurements of the knee were acquired in the sagittal, coronal, and axial sequences. The assessed measurements including intercondylar notch width index, medial/lateral posterior tibial slopes, and coronal tibial slope were compared between case and control groups in both women and men. Univariable and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors that were associated with PCL avulsion fracture. Results When female patients were analyzed, the notch width index (coronal) was significantly smaller, and the lateral posterior tibial slope was significantly higher in the case group. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the notch width index (coronal) (B = -0.307, OR = 0.735, p = 0.025) was found to be an independent factor. When male patients were analyzed, no radiographic parameter was found to have a statistical difference between the case and control groups. Conclusions Notch width index (coronal) and lateral posterior tibial slope were found to affect PCL avulsion fracture in women, but no such measurements affected the PCL avulsion fracture in men. Furthermore, a smaller notch width index (coronal) in women was found to be a risk factor in PCL avulsion fracture.

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