Sianida: Klasifikasi, Toksisitas, Degradasi, Analisis (Studi Pustaka)

Tulisan ini adalah studi pustaka mengenai sianida. Sianida adalah kelompok senyawa yang mengandung gugus siano yang umumnya diklasifikasikan sebagai sianida bebas, sianida sederhana dan kompleks sianida. Ketoksikan sianida ditentukan oleh jenis dan konsentrasinya yang umumnya dilihat dari kemampuannya melepaskan ion CN‒ yang berada yang berada dalam kesetimbangan dengan HCN yang toksik. Sianida dapat terdegradasi secara anorganik maupun biodegradasi. Beberapa metode dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis sianida sebagai sianida bebas (free cyanide), amenable cyanide, CN WAD, dan total sianida.This paper is a literature review of cyanide, which is a group of compounds consist of cyano. Cyanide is classified as free cyanide, simple inorganic cyanide and complex cyanide. Toxicity of cyanide is determined by its type and concentration and usually related to its ability to release CN‒ ion which is in equilibrium with HCN, a toxic species. Cyanide is able to be degraded inorganically and biologically. Several methods have been used to analyse cyanide as free cyanide, amenable cyanide, CN WAD and total cyanide.

Download Full-text

Effect of Computerized Auditory Training on Speech Perception of Adults With Hearing Impairment

Perspectives on Aural Rehabilitation and Its Instrumentation ◽

10.1044/arri20.3.91 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 91-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rachel Pizarek ◽

Valeriy Shafiro ◽

Patricia McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Speech Perception ◽

Literature Review ◽

Low Cost ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

Auditory Training ◽

Hearing Impairments ◽

Communicative Disorders ◽

And Training

Computerized auditory training (CAT) is a convenient, low-cost approach to improving communication of individuals with hearing loss or other communicative disorders. A number of CAT programs are being marketed to patients and audiologists. The present literature review is an examination of evidence for the effectiveness of CAT in improving speech perception in adults with hearing impairments. Six current CAT programs, used in 9 published studies, were reviewed. In all 9 studies, some benefit of CAT for speech perception was demonstrated. Although these results are encouraging, the overall quality of available evidence remains low, and many programs currently on the market have not yet been evaluated. Thus, caution is needed when selecting CAT programs for specific patients. It is hoped that future researchers will (a) examine a greater number of CAT programs using more rigorous experimental designs, (b) determine which program features and training regimens are most effective, and (c) indicate which patients may benefit from CAT the most.

Download Full-text

Taking Care of Children After Traumatic Brain Injury

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi13.3.79 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Haarbauer-Krupa

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Literature Review ◽

School Setting ◽

Leadership Role ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Educational Information ◽

Taking Care

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to inform speech-language pathologists in the schools about issues related to the care of children with traumatic brain injury.Method: Literature review of characteristics, outcomes and issues related to the needs serving children.Results: Due to acquired changes in cognition, children with traumatic brain injury have unique needs in a school setting.Conclusions: Speech-Language Pathologists in the school can take a leadership role with taking care of children after a traumatic brain injury and coordination of medical and educational information.

Download Full-text