Lexical Diffusion and General Classifier “ge”: Animal Nouns in the Mandarin Dialect

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Jieun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Diffusion ◽  
General Classifier

Neogrammarian Sound Change, Lexical Diffusion, and the Second Consonant Shift

2012 ◽  
Vol 64-65 ◽  
pp. 37-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Callender
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Lexical Diffusion

Lexical diffusion and the high German consonant shift

Lingua ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 151-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Barrack
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Diffusion

TONE CHANGE IN CHAO-ZHOU CHINESE: A STUDY IN LEXICAL DIFFUSION

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIN-CHUAN CHENG ◽  
WILLIAM S-Y. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Diffusion

Analogy, Borrowing, and Lexical Diffusion

2006 ◽  
pp. 124-157
Author(s):  
Betty S. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Diffusion

scholarly journals ZCS: A Zeroth Level Classifier System

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Classifier System ◽  
General Classifier ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Temporary Memory

A basic classifier system, ZCS, is presented that keeps much of Holland's original framework but simplifies it to increase understandability and performance. ZCS's relation to Q-learning is brought out, and their performances compared in environments of two difficulty levels. Extensions to ZCS are proposed for temporary memory, better action selection, more efficient use of the genetic algorithm, and more general classifier representation.

Lexical diffusion in the making: the lengthening of Middle English /a/ during the eighteenth century and across the diasystem of English

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-543
Author(s):  
NICOLAS TRAPATEAU
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Electronic Edition ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Lexical Diffusion ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Pronunciation Dictionary

A long /aː/ in pre-fricative and pre-nasal contexts in words such as fast, answer or after is one of the most distinctive phonological features of British RP and, to a certain extent, of Southern Hemisphere varieties of English (Trudgill 2010). The lengthening of /a/ has been particularly gaining ground from the eighteenth century onwards (Beal 1999; Jones 2006). The pronouncing dictionaries published between the eighteenth century and the present day allow us to trace its lexical diffusion (Labov 1994) across the whole lexicon. Drawing on the statistics of the ARCHER corpus, the lexical sets of the ECEP database, the full electronic edition of Walker's dictionary (1791), Wells’ Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (2008) and the Macquarie Dictionary (2015), this article examines the role played by the phonetic environment, word frequency, phonetic analogy and isolated lead words like draught or master in the spread of the lengthening of /a/. The results show that word frequency per se has no clear effect on /a/ lengthening in either pre-fricative or pre-nasal environments in eighteenth-century sources. The article also offers a possible relative chronology of the spread of that phenomenon to each phonetic environment within the bath set.

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