scholarly journals Model of skeletal muscle cramp and its reversal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Nima Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

In an accompanying paper [2], we developed the Shorten [3] model of skeletal muscle by incorporating equations such as surface calcium fluxes. In further research in this paper, we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp, in which calcium regulatory networks are involved, using the extended model in comparison with the original model. Incorporation of data from a traditional medicine from root extracts of paeony and licorice and one of its pure chemicals was modeled. The sensitivity analysis of the extended model shows the robustness of the calcium regulatory networks. Muscle cramp, in the extended model, requires calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel and it will not occur without calcium influx. Reduced calcium influx can delay or prevent cramp. Increased interstitial potassium is implicated in developing and maintaining cramp. Mechanism of reversal of cramp requires wash-out of extracellular potassium via increased blood flow, followed by calcium efflux via sodium-calcium exchange. This paper shows the first successful quantitative electrophysiological and mechanical model of cramp and of its reversal.

scholarly journals Model of skeletal muscle cramp and its reversal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Nima Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

In an accompanying paper [2], we developed the Shorten [3] model of skeletal muscle by incorporating equations such as surface calcium fluxes. In further research in this paper, we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp, in which calcium regulatory networks are involved, using the extended model in comparison with the original model. Incorporation of data from a traditional medicine from root extracts of paeony and licorice and one of its pure chemicals was modeled. The sensitivity analysis of the extended model shows the robustness of the calcium regulatory networks. Muscle cramp, in the extended model, requires calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel and it will not occur without calcium influx. Reduced calcium influx can delay or prevent cramp. Increased interstitial potassium is implicated in developing and maintaining cramp. Mechanism of reversal of cramp requires wash-out of extracellular potassium via increased blood flow, followed by calcium efflux via sodium-calcium exchange. This paper shows the first successful quantitative electrophysiological and mechanical model of cramp and of its reversal.

scholarly journals Model of skeletal muscle cramp and its reversal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Denis Noble ◽  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

In an accompanying paper [2], we developed the Shorten [3] model of skeletal muscle by incorporating equations such as surface calcium fluxes. In further research in this paper, we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp, in which calcium regulatory networks are involved, using the extended model in comparison with the original model. Incorporation of data from a traditional medicine from root extracts of paeony and licorice and one of its pure chemicals was modeled. The sensitivity analysis of the extended model shows the robustness of the calcium regulatory networks. Muscle cramp, in the extended model, requires calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel and it will not occur without calcium influx. Reduced calcium influx can delay or prevent cramp. Increased interstitial potassium is implicated in developing and maintaining cramp. Mechanism of reversal of cramp requires wash-out of extracellular potassium via increased blood flow, followed by calcium efflux via sodium-calcium exchange. This paper shows the first successful quantitative electrophysiological and mechanical model of cramp and of its reversal.

scholarly journals Model of skeletal muscle cramp and its reversal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Nima Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

In an accompanying paper [2], we developed the Shorten [3] model of skeletal muscle by incorporating equations such as surface calcium fluxes. In further research in this paper, we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp, in which calcium regulatory networks are involved, using the extended model in comparison with the original model. Incorporation of data from a traditional medicine from root extracts of paeony and licorice and one of its pure chemicals was modeled. The sensitivity analysis of the extended model shows the robustness of the calcium regulatory networks. Muscle cramp, in the extended model, requires calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel and it will not occur without calcium influx. Reduced calcium influx can delay or prevent cramp. Increased interstitial potassium is implicated in developing and maintaining cramp. Mechanism of reversal of cramp requires wash-out of extracellular potassium via increased blood flow, followed by calcium efflux via sodium-calcium exchange. This paper shows the first successful quantitative electrophysiological and mechanical model of cramp and of its reversal.

scholarly journals Model of skeletal muscle cramp and its reversal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Denis Noble ◽  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

In an accompanying paper [2], we developed the Shorten [3] model of skeletal muscle by incorporating equations such as surface calcium fluxes. In further research in this paper, we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp, in which calcium regulatory networks are involved, using the extended model in comparison with the original model. Incorporation of data from a traditional medicine from root extracts of paeony and licorice and one of its pure chemicals was modeled. The sensitivity analysis of the extended model shows the robustness of the calcium regulatory networks. Muscle cramp, in the extended model, requires calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel and it will not occur without calcium influx. Reduced calcium influx can delay or prevent cramp. Increased interstitial potassium is implicated in developing and maintaining cramp. Mechanism of reversal of cramp requires wash-out of extracellular potassium via increased blood flow, followed by calcium efflux via sodium-calcium exchange. This paper shows the first successful quantitative electrophysiological and mechanical model of cramp and of its reversal.

scholarly journals Model of skeletal muscle cramp and its reversal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Noble ◽  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

In an accompanying paper [2], we developed the Shorten [3] model of skeletal muscle by incorporating equations such as surface calcium fluxes. In further research in this paper, we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp, in which calcium regulatory networks are involved, using the extended model in comparison with the original model. Incorporation of data from a traditional medicine from root extracts of paeony and licorice and one of its pure chemicals was modeled. The sensitivity analysis of the extended model shows the robustness of the calcium regulatory networks. Muscle cramp, in the extended model, requires calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel and it will not occur without calcium influx. Reduced calcium influx can delay or prevent cramp. Increased interstitial potassium is implicated in developing and maintaining cramp. Mechanism of reversal of cramp requires wash-out of extracellular potassium via increased blood flow, followed by calcium efflux via sodium-calcium exchange. This paper shows the first successful quantitative electrophysiological and mechanical model of cramp and of its reversal.

scholarly journals Incorporation of sarcolemmal calcium transporters into the Shorten et al. (2007) model of skeletal muscle: equations, coding, and stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Nima Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Ion Movements ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Sarcolemmal Transport ◽  
Bulk Plasma

We describe a major development of the Shorten et al. (Shorten et al., 2007) model of skeletal muscle electrophysiology, biochemistry, and mechanics. The model was developed by incorporating equations for sarcolemmal transport of calcium ions, including L-type calcium channel, sodium-calcium exchange, calcium pump, and background calcium channel. The extended model also includes an addition to the equations for extracellular potassium ion movements to enable the exchange of potassium ions between bulk (plasma) concentration and the interstitial and tubular compartments to be modeled. In further research in an accompanying paper (Tasaki et al, 2019), we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp using this extended model in comparison with the original model.

scholarly journals Incorporation of sarcolemmal calcium transporters into the Shorten et al. (2007) model of skeletal muscle: equations, coding, and stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Noble ◽  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Ion Movements ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Sarcolemmal Transport ◽  
Bulk Plasma

We describe a major development of the Shorten et al. (Shorten et al., 2007) model of skeletal muscle electrophysiology, biochemistry, and mechanics. The model was developed by incorporating equations for sarcolemmal transport of calcium ions, including L-type calcium channel, sodium-calcium exchange, calcium pump, and background calcium channel. The extended model also includes an addition to the equations for extracellular potassium ion movements to enable the exchange of potassium ions between bulk (plasma) concentration and the interstitial and tubular compartments to be modeled. In further research in an accompanying paper (Tasaki et al, 2019), we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp using this extended model in comparison with the original model.

scholarly journals Incorporation of sarcolemmal calcium transporters into the Shorten et al. (2007) model of skeletal muscle: equations, coding, and stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope J. Noble ◽  
Alan Garny ◽  
Paul R. Shorten ◽  
Kazuyo Tasaki ◽  
Nima Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Ion Movements ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Sarcolemmal Transport ◽  
Bulk Plasma

We describe a major development of the Shorten et al. (Shorten et al., 2007) model of skeletal muscle electrophysiology, biochemistry, and mechanics. The model was developed by incorporating equations for sarcolemmal transport of calcium ions, including L-type calcium channel, sodium-calcium exchange, calcium pump, and background calcium channel. The extended model also includes an addition to the equations for extracellular potassium ion movements to enable the exchange of potassium ions between bulk (plasma) concentration and the interstitial and tubular compartments to be modeled. In further research in an accompanying paper (Tasaki et al, 2019), we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp using this extended model in comparison with the original model.

scholarly journals Kinetic Analyses of Calcium Movements in HeLa Cell Cultures

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
André B. Borle
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Fast Phase ◽  
Extracellular Compartment ◽  
Calcium Exchange

Calcium efflux was studied in monolayers of HeLa cells. The fast phase of exchange was studied in an open system by continuous washout. Its half-time was 1.58 min which is practically identical to the fast phase of calcium influx previously found to be 1.54 min. This suggests that the fast component of efflux represents calcium exchange from an extracellular compartment probably from calcium bound to the cell membrane surface. Dinitrophenol (DNP) and iodoacetate (IAA) do not inhibit calcium efflux from this compartment. The slow phase of calcium exchange was studied in a closed three compartment system. The half-time of calcium efflux measured under these conditions is almost identical to that obtained previously in studies of calcium influx: 33.0 and 37.0 min, respectively. This slow compartment is likely to be the intracellular exchangeable calcium pool. DNP and IAA inhibit calcium efflux from this compartment, lengthening the half-time from 33 min to 55.0 and 216 min, respectively. This suggests that calcium extrusion from the cell is an active process. Since calcium influx is not affected by metabolic inhibitors, the cellular calcium concentration increases as would be predicted under these conditions. Calcium efflux is also markedly depressed by lowering the temperature.

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