scholarly journals Roger Penrose, black holes, and the Nobel Prize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Roger Penrose

The Biggest Ears in the Sky: LIGO

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-136
Author(s):  
John W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Executive Director ◽  
Numerical Relativity ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Press Conference ◽  
The Masses ◽  
First Time

At a press conference on February 11, 2016, David Reitz, LIGO Executive Director, announced, “We did it!” They detected gravitational waves for the first time. Both LIGO sites, in Washington state and Louisiana, registered the incoming gravitational waves from two black holes colliding and merging far away. Over the following months, more mergers were detected. Gravitational waves are caused by the acceleration of a massive object, which stretches and compresses spacetime in a wave-like motion that is incredibly small and difficult to detect. Numerical relativity research over decades has produced over a quarter of a million template solutions of Einstein’s equations. The best template fit to the wave form data identifies the masses and spins of the two merging black holes. Much of this chapter describes the technology of the LIGO apparatus. On October 3, 2017, Barish, Thorne, and Weiss, the founders of LIGO, received the Nobel Prize for Physics.

scholarly journals Errors Related to General Relativity, Repulsive Gravitation and the Question of Black Holes

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
C. Y. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Einstein Equation ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Singularity Theorems ◽  
Repulsive Gravity ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Heated Metal

Galileo and Newton considered gravity to be independent of temperature, while Einstein claimed that the weight of metal will increase as temperature increases. Further, Maxwell maintained that charge is unrelated to gravity. Experiments show, however, that the weight of a metal piece is reduced as its temperature increases. Thus, charge-initiated repulsive gravitation exists. In fact, repulsive gravity has been demonstrated by the use of a charged capacitor hovering over Earth. Further, it is expected that a piece of heated metal would fall more slowly than a feather in a vacuum. Einstein developed an invalid notion of gravitational mass, and failed to establish the unification of gravitation and electromagnetism since he overlooked repulsive gravitation. Moreover, photons are a combination of the gravitational wave and the electromagnetic wave. For electromagnetic energy    is invalid, and is in conflict with the Einstein equation. The non-linear Einstein equation has no bounded dynamic solution, Space-time singularity theorems are based on an invalid implicit assumption that all the couplings have a unique sign. Since gravity is no longer always attractive, the existence of black holes is questionable. The fact that Penrose was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics for the derivation of black holes is due to that the Nobel Prize Committee for Physics did not sufficiently understand the physics of general relativity. A distinct characteristic of Penrose's work, as usual, is that it is not verifiable.

scholarly journals A very singular theorem

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
José M. M. Senovilla
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

An elusive idea that emerged on a pedestrian crossing revealed some of the mysteries inside black holes. Announced in barely a couple of pages, it has been worth the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Physicists who unravelled mysteries of black holes win Nobel prize

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 586 (7829) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gibney ◽  
Davide Castelvecchi
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Nobel Prize

scholarly journals Chandrasekhar's Fluid Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Katepalli R. Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
White Dwarfs ◽  
Stellar Structure ◽  
Stability Problems ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995) is justly famous for his lasting contributions to topics such as white dwarfs and black holes (which led to his Nobel Prize), stellar structure and dynamics, general relativity, and other facets of astrophysics. He also devoted some dozen or so of his prime years to fluid dynamics, especially stability and turbulence, and made important contributions. Yet in most assessments of his science, far less attention is paid to his fluid dynamics work because it is dwarfed by other, more prominent work. Even within the fluid dynamics community, his extensive research on turbulence and other problems of fluid dynamics is not well known. This review is a brief assessment of that work. After a few biographical remarks, I recapitulate and assess the essential parts of this work, putting my remarks in the context of times and people with whom Chandrasekhar interacted. I offer a few comments in perspective on how he came to work on turbulence and stability problems, on how he viewed science as an aesthetic activity, and on how one's place in history gets defined.

On the reality of Hawking radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 2040001
Author(s):  
Asghar Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Black Hole Thermodynamics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Roger Penrose ◽  
The Subject

Hawking radiation caught the imagination of the public and physicists alike, because it seemed so counter-intuitive. By their very definition, black holes were supposed to endlessly absorb, but never emit, matter and energy. Yet, Hawking argued that taking Quantum Theory into account, they would radiate. The further belief was that Bekenstein and Hawking had developed the field of Black Hole Thermodynamics. Here I want to correct this impression and give due credit to Roger Penrose for founding the subject. Further, I discuss the question of whether Hawking radiation should be expected to really exist, arguing that there is reason to doubt it.

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