scholarly journals Distributional properties of semantic interference in picture naming: Bayesian meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Fuhrmeister ◽  
Audrey Bürki
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Reaction Time Distribution ◽  
Distractor Word ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractStudies of word production often make use of picture-naming tasks, including the picture-word-interference task. In this task, participants name pictures with superimposed distractor words. They typically need more time to name pictures when the distractor word is semantically related to the picture than when it is unrelated (the semantic interference effect). The present study examines the distributional properties of this effect in a series of Bayesian meta-analyses. Meta-analytic estimates of the semantic interference effect first show that the effect is present throughout the reaction time distribution and that it increases throughout the distribution. Second, we find a correlation between a participant’s mean semantic interference effect and the change in the effect in the tail of the reaction time distribution, which has been argued to reflect the involvement of selective inhibition in the naming task. Finally, we show with simulated data that this correlation emerges even when no inhibition is used to generate the data, which suggests that inhibition is not needed to explain this relationship.

scholarly journals Effects of orthography in the picture-word task: Evidence from Japanese scripts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Dylman ◽  
Mariko Kikutani ◽  
Miho Sasaki ◽  
Christopher Barry
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Distractor Word ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Word Task ◽  
Different Populations

AbstractThe picture-word task presents participants with a number of pictured objects together with a written distractor word superimposed upon each picture, and their task is to name the depicted object while ignoring the distractor word. Depending on the specific picture and word combination, various effects, including the identity facilitation effect (e.g., DOG + dog) and the semantic interference effect (e.g., GOAT + cow), are often observed. The response patterns of the picture-word task in terms of naming latencies reflect the mechanisms underlying lexical selection in speech production. Research using this method, however, has typically focused on alphabetic languages, or involved bilingual populations, making it difficult to specifically investigate orthographic effects in isolation. In this paper, we report five experiments investigating the role of orthography in the picture-word task by varying distractor script (using the multiscriptal language Japanese, and pseudohomophonic spellings in English) across three different populations (Japanese monolinguals, Japanese-English bilinguals, and English monolinguals), investigating both the identity facilitation effect and the semantic interference effect. The results generally show that the magnitude of facilitation is affected by orthography even within a single language. The findings and specific patterns of results are discussed in relation to current theories on speech production.

scholarly journals Gap effect and reaction time distribution: simple vs choice manual responses

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Machado-Pinheiro ◽  
L.G. Gawryszewski ◽  
L.E. Ribeiro-do-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Reaction Time Distribution ◽  
Gap Effect ◽  
Manual Responses

scholarly journals Reaction Time Distribution Analysis of Neuropsychological Performance in an ADHD Sample

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Hervey ◽  
Jeffery N. Epstein ◽  
John F. Curry ◽  
Simon Tonev ◽  
L. Eugene Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Reaction Time Distribution ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Distribution Analysis

VEP latency and some properties of simple motor reaction-time distribution

1990 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Antoni Pruszewicz ◽  
Piotr Świdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Reaction Time Distribution ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Motor Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Motor ◽  
Vep Latency

Cumulative semantic interference across unrelated responses in school-age children's picture naming

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Monique CHAREST ◽  
Tieghan BAIRD
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Ordinal Position ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
School Aged Children

Abstract Naming semantically related images results in progressively slower responses as more images are named. There is considerable documentation in adults of this phenomenon, known as cumulative semantic interference. Few studies have focused on this phenomenon in children. The present research investigated cumulative semantic interference effects in school-aged children. In Study 1, children named a series of contiguous, semantically related pictures. The results revealed no cumulative interference effects. Study 2 utilized an approach more closely aligned with adult methods, incorporating intervening, unrelated items intermixed with semantically related items within a continuous list. Study 2 showed a linear increase in reaction time as a function of ordinal position within semantic sets. These findings demonstrate cumulative semantic interference effects in young, school-aged children that are consistent with experience-driven changes in the connections that underlie lexical access. They invite further investigation of how children's lexical representation and processing are shaped by speaking experiences.

No lexical competition without priming: Evidence from the picture–word interference paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2562-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna S Gauvin ◽  
Magdalena K Jonen ◽  
Jessica Choi ◽  
Katie McMahon ◽  
Greig I de Zubicaray
Keyword(s):  
Interference Effect ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Naming Latencies ◽  
And Task

Over the past 40 years, researchers have assumed that semantic interference effects in picture naming reflect competition among lexical candidates during retrieval. In this study, we examined the role of the familiarisation phase in which participants are shown the target pictures and required to rehearse the appropriate names before the picture–word interference (PWI) paradigm is performed. A previous study reported that omitting the familiarisation phase reversed the polarity of the semantic effect to facilitation. In two experiments using between- and within-participants design, respectively, we compared PWI performance with and without familiarisation while using matched stimuli and task parameters. Overall, the results showed the typical semantic interference effect following familiarisation. However, in both experiments, naming latencies did not differ significantly between related and unrelated distractors when familiarisation was omitted. The current findings suggest that familiarisation plays an important role in determining semantic interference in PWI, most likely via raising lexical competitor activation by priming links between targets and related concepts. We also discuss broader implications of our findings with respect to the replicability of reported semantic facilitation effects in PWI.

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