The objective of the study was to determine the embryo survival up to calving of fresh and cryopreserved (frozen and vitrified) alpaca embryos transferred into alpaca recipients by nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfer and by surgical laparoscopically aided embryo transfer. For this report we have compiled the information from 127 embryo transfers in alpacas done by our group at Mallkini, Puno, Peru, at 4200 m elevation. The embryos have been collected from superovulated donor alpacas flushed at 6.5 days post mating, some were transferred as fresh and some were cryopreserved; the recipients (3 to 7 years old) were selected based on presence of functional corpora lutea at ecosonographic examination and subjected to ovarian cycle synchronization and ovulation induction as per Vivanco (2013). From a total of 133 alpacas selected, 127 were used, from which 82 received fresh, 32 frozen, and 13 vitrified embryos. All embryos were classed as A-class expanded blastocysts at time of transfer. By nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfer, 33 embryos were transferred fresh, 22 were frozen/thawed embryos, and 13 were vitrified/warmed embryos. By surgical laparoscopically aided method, 49 embryos were transferred fresh and 10 embryos were frozen/thawed; no vitrified embryos were transferred by this method. Results are detailed in Table 1. Pregnancy losses occured at up to 9 weeks (63 days) of gestation, the heaviest loss occurs in the first 3 weeks. After 9 weeks of gestation, no losses were registered. In average, 22% of fresh embryos transferred were represented as crias born. None of the cryopreserved embryos survived up to 11 weeks post-transfer. There is no difference in percentage of crias born between nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfers and surgical laparoscopically aided embryo transfers.The heavy embryo losses could be related to nutrition and high-altitude limitations; however, it is difficult to make comparisons with others because reports to date lack information on the actual crias born from embryo transfers in alpacas; most of the reports are based on pregnancy reports up to 30 to 60 days post-transfers. To date, no births from cryopreserved alpaca embryos have been reported. Furher studies on causes of embryo/fetal losses are necessary.
Table 1.Results of embryo transfer
This study was financed by the Peruvian Fund for Innovation, Science and Technology (FINCYT).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMS AND THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY DURING THE TRANSFER OF THAWED AND FRESH EMBRYOS
