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Published By "European Scientific Institute, Esi"

1857-7431, 1857-7881

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
N’Guessan Bi Vami Hermann ◽  
Lazile Stephanie ◽  
Loukou Jerome André ◽  
Saley Mahaman Bachir ◽  
Kouadio Affian

En Côte d’Ivoire, la gestion et la sécurité sanitaire liée à la pollution atmosphérique revet un grand interêt . Dans ce même élan de gestion de la qualité de l’air l’OMS a fixé un seuil d’émission que les pays doivent intégrer dans leur mode de gestion. Cependant, dans les villes de grandes concentrations comme Abidjan il est parfois difficile de maitriser les paramètres d’émissions. L’objectif de cette étude est donc d’estimer les concentrations des polluants atmospreriques particulaires PM2.5 et ensuite cartographier la dynamique de ces polluants de 2015 à 2020. Pour atteindre cet objectif , les données de l’imagerie satellitaire LANDSAT ont été utilisées. Il a s’agit de calculer les réflectances de surfaces et les réflectances au sommet de l’atmosphère. Le but de ces calculs était de déduire les réflectances atmosphériques. En considérant la relation étroite existence entre les PM2.5 et la réflectance atmosphérique un modèle de régression linéaire a été conidéré pour déduire les PM2.5. Les résultats ont montré que les concentrations des PM2.5 sont de façon générale au-dessus du seuil de l’OMS. Ces valeurs sont de 31 μg/m3 en janvier 2015 , de 36 μg/m3 en janvier 2016 , de 32 μg/m3 en décembre 2016, de 33 μg/m3 en janvier 2019 et de 33 μg/m3 en janvier 2020. Cela donne une concentration moyenne de 33 μg/m3. Les communes de Yopougon Nord, Abobo Ouest, Cocody ouest et Port-Bouet Est sont les zones les plus pollués avec des concentrations allant de 26 à 49 μg/m3. In Côte d'Ivoire, management and health security related to air pollution are of great interest. In this same approach to air quality management, WHO has set an emission threshold that countries must integrate into their management method. However, in cities with a high concentration like Abidjan, it is sometimes difficult to control the emission parameters. The objective of this study is therefore to estimate the concentrations of particulate air pollutants PM2.5 and then to map the dynamics of these pollutants from 2015 to 2020. To achieve this objective, data from LANDSAT satellite imagery were used. . This involves calculating the surface reflectances and the reflectances at the top of the atmosphere. The purpose of these calculations was to deduce atmospheric reflectances. Given the close relationship between PM2.5 and atmospheric reflectance, a linear regression model was considered to derive PM2.5. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations are generally above the WHO threshold. These values are 31μg /m3 in January 2015, 36 μg / m3 in January 2016, 32 μg / m3 in December 2016, 33 μg / m3 in January 2019 and 33 μg / m3 in January 2020. This gives an average concentration of 33 μg / m3. The cities of Yopougon noth part, Abobo west part, Cocody west part and Port-Bouet east part are the most polluted areas with concentrations ranging from 26 to 49 μg / m3.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (41) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami

The word "sustainable" is on everyone's lips and every publication; however, it is over-and misused as a trend for marketing and profit purposes, sometimes unethically for "greenwashing". This distortion creates an obstacle in creating a more sustainable world and leads authors to describe sustainable development and economic growth as oxymorons. This paper describes the relationship between sustainable development and economic growth and explains how sustainability reporting, particularly management, governance and social disclosures (GRI 100), could effectively stimulate economic growth. However, to reach a sustainable model, the paper recommends a mental and theoretical transformation in economic growth's perception to move from profit maximisation to optimisation. Finally, the manuscript calls to intensify research in this direction for a sustainable transformation of our society.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (41) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Charles Munene Gachoki ◽  
Susan Okeri ◽  
Julius Korir

The exchange rate is an important variable in international trade because a country's competitiveness is determined by the expectations on how trade reacts to its movements. To orient the economy outwards, Kenya has pursued various measures from the 1990s to the 2000s. Kenya also signed up for nonreciprocal trade with the European Union under the Cotonou agreement. Despite the export-oriented efforts, Kenya's trade has remained skewed towards imports and a widening trade deficit which seems to follow the weakening of the Kenya shilling. The main policy dilemma therefore, is how imports accelerated in an environment of unhindered European Union market access, hence the motivation of this study. The study adopted a dynamic modeling approach since previous and present values affect exchange rate and trade. The results show that the economic fundamentals drive the real exchange rate. In terms of misalignment, the exchange rate is overvalued to a maximum of 5.9 percent and undervalued up to 5.2 percent. The estimated misalignment hurts imports but has a positive, statistically insignificant effect on exports. The results of this study suggest that the monetary authority should ensure the exchange rate remains stable and within the 6 percent range while monitoring all the underlying determinants. Additionally, hedging instruments should be made available and affordable to traders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Mamadou Ndiaye ◽  
Saboury Ndiaye ◽  
Sérigne Modou Sarr ◽  
Malick Diouf

The community forests of Senegal, and particularly those of the Groundnut Basin, play an important role in the lives of rural populations. They are significant sources of supply of various products and services. But despite their economic and ecological importance, community forests have never been the subject of an economic evaluation. This is likely to obscure the decision-making auspices of sustainable management of community forests. This study, based on vegetation surveys and socio-economic surveys, assessed the value of ecosystem goods and services. The results of the analysis showed that the forest has 21 species distributed among 08 families and that this diversity varies from one area to another. With this specific diversity, the basal area is evaluated at 2.64 m2/ha and the cover of 6081.17 m²/ha for a density of 327 individuals per hectare. The forest has a carbon storage capacity evaluated at 15.32 tons. The goods and services of the forest were estimated at 3,391,757 F CFA/year. This value is divided between direct uses estimated at 1,236,575 F CFA/year, indirect uses of 168,495 F CFA/year and an existence value of 1,986,687 F CFA/year. The study also showed that the exploitation of the forest is the most viable management option, as strict conservation imposes a social cost of 370,058 CFA francs per year on the population. In the context of decentralization, these results can serve as a basis for policy dialogue and decision-making processes on the sustainable management of forest resources


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pagadjovongo Adama Silue ◽  
Dramane Soro ◽  
Konan Edouard Kouassi ◽  
Dodiomon Soro

Les forêts classées du Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire connaissent un phénomène d’anthropisation accrue, notamment à la faveur de la crise sociopolitique de 2002 à 2011. A cela, s’ajoute l’effet des changements climatiques qui ont des conséquences sur la qualité de la biodiversité. Cette étude recherche, à travers l’analyse de paramètres floristiques et de la dynamique d’occupation du sol, des informations scientifiques fiables devant guider les orientations d’aménagement d’une forêt classée située dans la Région de la Bagoué, au Nord-Ouest du pays. L’étude de la dynamique de la couverture végétale de la Forêt classée est réalisée à travers une analyse diachronique des images satellitaires Landsat ETM de janvier 2002 et ETM + de mars 2016. L’appréciation des paramètres floristiques est basée sur l’interprétation des données d’inventaire floristique. Les résultats cartographiques montrent une régression des formations boisées passant de 81,75 % en 2002 à 71,19 % en 2016, soit un taux de régression annuel de 0,7 %. Concernant l’étude floristique, au total 281 espèces végétales, réparties entre 210 genres et rangées dans 71 familles, ont été inventoriées dans la forêt classée. Par cette flore, 18 espèces ont présenté un statut particulier, preuve de la valeur de conservation de cette formation végétale. Ce résultat pourrait servir pour la mise en place d’une forêt classée dans la Région de la Bagoué en Côte d’Ivoire. The classified forests of the north of Ivory Coast are experiencing an increased anthropization phenomenon, in particular thanks to the socio-political crisis from 2002 to 2011. In addition to this is the effect of climate change that has consequences on the quality of biodiversity. This paper focuses on the analysis of floristic parameters, the dynamics of land use, and reliable scientific information to guide the development orientations of a classified forest located in the Bagoué Region in the North-West. The study of the dynamics of the vegetation cover of the classified forest was carried out through a diachronic analysis of the Landsat ETM images of January 2002 and ETM + of March 2016. The appreciation of the floristic parameters is based on the interpretation of the floristic inventory data. The cartographic results show a regression of woodlands from 81.75% in 2002 to 71.19% in 2016, i.e., an annual rate of decline of 0.7%. Concerning the floristic study, a total of 281 plant species, divided between 210 genera and arranged in 71 families, were inventoried in the classified forest. Through this flora, 18 species presented a special status, which is a proof of the conservation value of this plant formation. This result could be used for the establishment of a classified forest in Bagoué Region of Côte d’Ivoire.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Al-Amin Al-Amin ◽  
Tanjim Hossain ◽  
Jahidul Islam

This paper encompasses a state-of-the-art review on smart manufacturing system (SMS), focusing on theoretical relevance to technology development and technology management. The theoretical foundation of technology development has been reviewed based on the Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) theory and technology management has been focused on the basis of Technology Strategy Model (TSM) of Rieck and Dickson to shape the paper with theory of Management of Technology (MOT). A patent on SMS has been discussed to show how different technologies are integrated into this system. The characteristics of SMS have discussed the overall aspects of this future technological system. The the global textile complex has been depicted with a proposed SMS model of the apparel production unit. This study integrates the latest articles and technology on future manufacturing system perspectives, which gives a robust idea of mintegration have been identified as the major components of SMS. A brief model of SMS in the apparel production system demonstrated how SMS works in the industry level. The researchers on smart manufacturing can take away the above insights into their future research to take SMS research more forward.inimizing human interaction and maximizing the production efficiency in the manufacturing industry. The cyber-physical system, AI, ERP, digital twin, big data, additive manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, simulation, and vertical and horizontal 


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Meite Inza ◽  
Ruben Torres

Le présent article s’inscrit dans le cadre de notre travail de recherche de thèse de doctorat en gestion de projets portant sur le thème : « Structure du marché du travail en Côte d’Ivoire : une analyse descriptive à la lumière des projets et programmes d’emploi ». A travers cette thématique, vous voulons contribuer à l’amélioration de l’employabilité et de l’insertion des personnes en âges de travailler, notamment les jeunes diplômés. Il s’agit également de promouvoir de nouveaux paradigmes et outils en matière de conception et d’analyse de risques de projets, en plus de ceux déjà existants. En effet, les faibles taux de chômage observés au cours des enquêtes emploi de ces cinq dernières années ( enquêtes emploi 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017 et 2019) voilent une résurgence des emplois informels et précaires au détriment des emplois formels. La population au chômage est majoritairement composée de primo demandeurs d’emploi, notamment les diplômés de l’enseignement technique, professionnel ainsi que de l’enseignement supérieur. Ce qui pose d’ailleurs, la question de l’efficacité externe du système national de formation, ainsi que des projets et programmes d’insertion. Pour ce faire, nous avons jugé judicieux de passer en revue une série de treize ( 13) projets mis en œuvre ou en cours de réalisation, en nous servant des outils de la science indicamétrique. Cette discipline a la particularité de mettre en exergue les facteurs susceptibles d’engendrer la performance, l’efficacité et l’efficience d’un projet, en se basant sur les capacités intrinsèques des personnes physiques et morales impliquées dans sa gestion. Au plan méthodologique, nous avons recours à un des outils importants de la science en indicamétrie : la carte capacitaire. Elle comprend un ensemble d’indicateurs qui s’expriment en Valeur Intrinsèque Capacitaire Energétique (VICE) normée. Toute valeur en dessous de la norme est considérée insuffisante ou en déficit. Toute valeur au-dessus de la norme est dite, en excédent. Ainsi, à l’issue des différentes analyses, nous avons abouti aux principaux résultats suivants : (i) la prise en compte des caractéristiques de l’environnement interne et externe des projets accroit leur probabilité de succès, (ii) le choix de la dénomination de tout projet ou programme influence son mode de gestion et (iii) la prise en compte des caractéristiques et des capacités intrinsèques des promoteurs ou gestionnaires des projets dans leur mise en œuvre accroit significativement leur probabilité de succès.   This paper is part of the research work for a doctoral thesis in project management titled "Structure of the labor market in Côte d'Ivoire: a descriptive analysis in the light of projects and programs of use”. The objective of this theme is to improve the employability and integration of people of working age, especially young graduates. It also focuses on promoting new paradigms and tools for project design and risk analysis, in addition to existing ones. The low unemployment rates observed during employment surveys over the past five years veil a resurgence of informal and precarious jobs to the detriment of formal jobs. The unemployed population is mainly made up of first-time job seekers, particularly graduates of technical, vocational, and higher education. This raises the question of the external effectiveness of the national training system as well as the integration projects and programs. To answer this question, a series of thirteen (13) projects that were either implemented or in progress was reviewed through the tools of indicametric science. This discipline has the particularity of highlighting the factors that are likely to generate the performance, effectiveness, and efficiency of a project based on the intrinsic capacities of the natural and legal persons involved in its management. As for the methodology, there is recourse to one of the important indicametry tools: the capacity card. It includes a set of indicators which are expressed in standardized Intrinsic Energy Capacitance Value (VICE). Any value below the standard is considered insufficient or in deficit, while any value above the norm is said to be in excess. At the end of the various analysis, the following main results have been achieved: (i) taking into account the characteristics of the internal and external environment of projects increases their probability of success, (ii) the choice of name of any project or program influences its mode of management and (iii) taking into account the characteristics and intrinsic capacities of the promoters or managers of projects in their implementation significantly increases their probability of success.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Illiassou Naroua ◽  
Abdoulkadri Laouali ◽  
Souley Issaka ◽  
Maman Rachid Salissou Issoufou ◽  
Hassoumi Djibo

Le Niger dispose d’important potentiel de terre irrigable et plusieurs formes d’irrigation ont été développées notamment la petite irrigation, afin de réduire la dépendance de la production vis-à-vis des aléas climatiques. L’objectif de ce travail est de justifier le besoin de vulgariser la technologie des équipements de pompage solaire. Pour cela une enquête technicoéconomique a été conduite auprès d’un échantillon de 80 exploitants choisis de manière aléatoire sur le périmètre irrigué de Soumarana, à raison de 40 irrigants utilisant des systèmes de pompage thermique et 40 des systèmes de pompage photovoltaïque. Les cultures de carotte et d’oignon, étant les principales spéculations, ont été retenues pour conduire l’étude afin de comparer les performances de systèmes de pompage en place. Il ressort de l’analyse des résultats que le système de pompage solaire dégage des marges brutes nettement supérieure à celles du système de pompage thermique avec des différences de l’ordre de 402 148 FCFA/ha et 342 812 FCFA/ha respectivement pour la culture de carotte et celle de l’oignon. De même, le coût du pompage du mètre cube d’eau en système de pompage solaire est nettement inférieur à celui du système de pompage thermique avec respectivement 57,27 FCFA/m3 et 80,75 FCFA/m3. Ces résultats indiquent une meilleure performance du système de pompage solaire comparativement au système thermique. Niger Republic has significant potential for irrigable land and several forms of irrigation have been developed, including small-scale irrigation, in order to reduce the dependence of production on climatic hazards. The objective of this study is to justify the need to popularize solar pumping equipment technology. To this purpose, a techno-economic survey was conducted among a sample of 80 farmers chosen randomly in the Soumarana irrigated area, at the rate of 40 farmers under fuel powered pumping system and 40 under photovoltaic pumping system. Carrot and onion crops, being the main speculations, were selected to conduct the study to compare both pumping systems performances. The analysis of the results shows that the solar pumping system has higher gross margins than the fuel powered pumping system with differences of the order of 402 148 FCFA/ha and 342 812 FCFA/ha respectively for carrot and onion crops. Similarly, the cost of pumping per cubic meter in the solar pumping system was clearly lower than that of the fuel powered pumping system with respectively 57.27 FCFA/m3 and 80.75 FCFA/m3. These results indicate a better performance of the solar pumping system compared to the fuel powered ones


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Vissoh Ahotondji Sylvain

Les villes accueillent souvent des évènements qui, de par leur nature et les manifestations qu’ils engendrent, marquent la trame urbaine et contribuent au développement local. Le but de la présente recherche est d’analyser l’inscription territoriale de la « fête du 15 août », le plus important évènement qu’accueille, chaque année, la ville de Savalou. L’approche méthodologique adoptée combine les recherches documentaires notamment sur la thématique ville et évènement, les enquêtes de terrain à travers l’observation participante des manifestations des éditions 2019 et 2021 de la fête du 15 août, les entretiens semi directifs avec les autorités communales et les questionnaires avec les promoteurs de réceptifs hôteliers, de restaurants ainsi que quelques forains et visiteurs urbains. Au total, 173 personnes ont été interrogées dans le cadre de cette recherche. Ces personnes ont été retenues par la méthode de choix raisonné. Les méthodes d’analyse de contenu et de statistiques descriptives ont permis de traiter les données et informations recueillies et le modèle SWOT ou FFOM (Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunités et Menaces) a été utilisé pour analyser les résultats obtenus. Il ressort des analyses que cinq (05) manifestations clés sont organisées dans le cadre de la « fête du 15 août » : il s’agit du rituel d’autorisation de la consommation des nouvelles ignames, la Grande Foire Artisanale de Savalou (GFAS), l’élection de Miss Savalou (la plus belle fille de la Commune de Savalou), la finale de la coupe de football de la commune et les concerts. Au plan spatial, l’évènement se déroule en plusieurs lieux à savoir le palais royal, la paroisse de l’église catholique, la maison des jeunes, le stade omnisport de la ville, la place Soha et le site de la foire. Il n’existe pas une structure officielle qui assure le portage de l’évènement ; chaque manifestation est organisée par un acteur donné sans qu’aucune coordination ne soit mise en place. Par ailleurs, très peu de recettes sont collectées par la mairie à l’occasion de cet évènement. On en déduit que l’évènement profite financièrement plus aux acteurs privés qu’à la municipalité.   Cities often host events which, by their nature and the events they generate, mark the urban fabric and contribute to local development. The aim of this research is to analyze the territorial inscription of the "feast of August 15", the most important event hosted each year by the city of Savalou. The methodological approach adopted combines documentary research, in particular on the city and event theme, field surveys through the participant observation of the events of the 2019 and 2021 editions of the August 15 festival, semi-structured interviews with the municipal authorities and questionnaires with the promoters of hotel receptives, restaurants as well as a few fairgrounds and urban visitors. A total of 173 people were interviewed for this research. These people were selected by the reasoned choice method. The methods of content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to process the data and information collected and the SWOT or SWOT model (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was used to analyze the results obtained. It emerges from the analyzes that five (05) key events are organized within the framework of the “feast of August 15”: it is about the ritual of authorization of the consumption of new yams, the Great Artisanal Fair of Savalou (GFAS) , the election of Miss Savalou (the most beautiful girl in the Municipality of Savalou), the final of the municipal football cup and the concerts. Spatially, the event takes place in several locations, namely the Royal Palace, the parish of the Catholic Church, the youth center, the city's sports stadium, Soha Square and the site of the fair. There is no official structure that ensures the portering of the event; each event is organized by a given actor without any coordination being put in place. In addition, very little revenue is collected by the town hall during this event. We deduce that the event financially benefits private actors more than the municipality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Ganaba Souleymane ◽  
Semdé Kadidia ◽  
Kagambèga Wenemi François ◽  
Dao Moussa

This work aims to fill a gap in knowledge of the Burkina Faso Southern Sudanese flora and vegetation. The woody vegetation of the forest park of the Scholl Complex in Léo comprises a total of 26 families, 63 genera and 81 species including native and introduced ones. The fallow is the unit that contains all families and genera and 93% of species. The most abundant species of units of the Park are Terminalia avicennioides (Combretaceae), Piliostigma thonningii (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae), Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae), Vitellaria paradoxa (Sapotaceae), Detarium microcarpum (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae), Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae), Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) and Pteleopsis suberosa (Combretaceae).The species that regenerate the most and that will ensure the sustainability of the peri-urban forest resources are Gardenia erubescens (Rubiaceae), Piliostigma reticulatum (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae), Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis, Terminalia avicennioides (Combretaceae), Diospyros mespilifomis and Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae). The most threats on vegetation and flora of the School Complex are fraudulent human exploitation, parasitic pressure and progressive intrusion of Azadirachta indica.Peri-urban park resources conservation measures concern the replanting of vegetation in degraded areas and incentives for wood production for local populations. A management program for threatened or rare species, control of invasive alien plants and domestic animals and the development and improvement of habitat to create a future urban park.


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