Chapitre 4. The recognition and value of traditional care practices in french overseas territories: a singular and contemporary example from French Polynesia

Objective To analyse the epidemiological data on suicide in French Polynesia (FP). Methods Data on suicides were collected from the Public Health Direction, Judicial Police Investigations Court of Justice records, the Centre d’Opérations et de Renseignements de la Gendarmerie, patient records for those hospitalized in psychiatry and from psychological autopsies. Results The dataset consisted of 316 suicide cases in FP over 25 years (1992–2016). In FP, suicide was more frequent in men (sex ratio 3.2:1), young people (mean age, 34.4 years) and individuals with previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders (100 of 316; 31.6%) The most common method of suicide was hanging (276 of 316; 87.3%). A history of previous suicide attempts was found in 25 of 56 (44.6%) of suicide cases, when documented. The most common potential triggering factors for suicide were emotional problems. The suicide rates have remained stable during 1992–2016 (mean 10.6/100 000 inhabitants per year), with periods of economic crises increasing suicide rates. Conclusions These results provide valuable information to enable the effective targeting of suicide prevention strategies toward those at high risk. Economic crises had larger impacts in the French overseas territories than mainland France. Given the unprecedented economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in FP, there is an urgent need to implement suicide epidemiological surveillance and prevention programmes.

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The AflibeRcept use in rEal life study for the treatment of diabetiC macular oedema In the French overseas territories: A 12 months follow-up Study - The RECIF Study

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211055020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110550

Author(s):

Christophe Morel ◽

John Conrath ◽

Bruno Morin ◽

Eric Parrat ◽

Eleonora Zito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Oedema ◽

Real Life ◽

Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽

French Polynesia ◽

Life Study ◽

Life Management ◽

French Overseas Territories ◽

Overseas Territories ◽

Referring Physicians

Purpose The incidence and severity of diabetes is particularly high in the French overseas territories (FOT). The RECIF study evaluated real life management of diabetic macular oedema (DME) treated by aflibercept in FOT. Methods A prospective, noncomparative, multicentric, non-interventional, study that evaluated functional and anatomical results of patients treated by aflibercept. Twelve retina specialists working in French Polynesia, La Reunion, Guadeloupe and Martinique participated in the study. Results 67 eyes of 57 patients were followed for 12 months. Average VA gain was 7.8 ETDRS letters. 29.9% of eyes gained at least 15 letters, 6% lost 15 letters or more. 67.2% of eyes achieved visual acuity of 70 letters or better. Average central retinal thickness decrease was 115.3 µm. The mean number of injections during the 1st year of treatment was 4.9. 69% of eyes had a loading dose of at least three-monthly injections. 3 eyes were switched to steroid injections during the follow-up for lack of efficacy. Conclusion This study confirmed the efficacy of intravitreal treatment of DME by aflibercept, in the French overseas territories. This evaluation of real-life management of DME underlines the importance of improvement of patient education and collaboration with referring physicians.

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Recommendations for Sustainable Cetacean-Based Tourism in French Territories: A Review on the Industry and Current Management Actions

Tourism in Marine Environments ◽

10.3727/154427320x15943351217984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 211-235

Author(s):

Josephine Chazot ◽

Ludovic Hoarau ◽

Pamela Carzon ◽

Jeanne Wagner ◽

Stéphanie Sorby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Mammal ◽

Marine Mammals ◽

French Polynesia ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Whale Watching ◽

Cetacean Species ◽

Commercial Activities ◽

Management Actions ◽

Overseas Territories ◽

Socioeconomic Benefits

Whale-watching activities provide important socioeconomic benefits for local communities and constitute powerful platform incentives for marine mammals' protection or more broadly marine environments. However, these activities can cause adverse effects on targeted populations, with considerable downside associated risks of injuries and fatality for whale watchers during inwater interactions. France with its overseas territories has the second largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ), in which more than half of existing cetacean species are encountered. In these territories, recreational and commercial whale watching, including swim-with cetacean activities, have recently developed. Yet few studies focused on these activities and their associated impacts across French territories, leading to an unclear assessment of the situation. To address this issue, we reviewed cetaceans' occurrence within the French EEZ, whale-watching industry, targeted species, local management of marine mammal-based tourism activities, and regulations in France mainland and some overseas territories (Reunion Island, Mayotte, and French Polynesia). Fortyeight species are encountered in the French EEZ, and 15 are targeted by whale-watching activities. A total of 185 operators, including 34% offering swim-with-cetaceans tours, offered trips in France and overseas in 2019. While several more or less restrictive regulations exist locally, our results indicate that French's national legal framework for marine mammals' protection remains inadequate and insufficient to cope with the recent development of this activity. As conservation biologists, managers, and stakeholders from these French territories, we cooperated to provide general guidelines for a sustainable development of whale watching at a national scale. We urge (1) to legally acknowledge and regulate whale-watching commercial activities; (2) to create a national legal framework regarding whale watching and swim-with marine mammals practices, while accounting for local distinctiveness and disparities across regions; (3) to conduct more research to evaluate local short- and long-term impacts on targeted marine mammal populations as well as the socioeconomic benefits; and (4) to reinforce synergetic relations between the different stakeholders.

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An assessment of the endemic spermatophytes, pteridophytes and bryophytes of the French Overseas Territories: towards a better conservation outlook

Biodiversity and Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10531-021-02186-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Simon Véron ◽

Carlos Rodrigues-Vaz ◽

Elise Lebreton ◽

Claudine Ah-Peng ◽

Vincent Boullet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

French Overseas Territories ◽

Overseas Territories

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Austria before Austria: The Medieval Past of Polities to Come

Austrian History Yearbook ◽

10.1017/s0067237800021378 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Herwig Wolfram

Keyword(s):

History Textbooks ◽

German History ◽

French History ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

To Come ◽

First Dynasty ◽

People Search ◽

French Overseas Territories ◽

Overseas Territories

Throughout the world, historians expand the history of their nations and states into periods when these polities did not yet exist. The French speak of their first dynasty and mean the Frankish Merovingians. Until recently French history textbooks even for students in the French overseas territories started with “Nos ancêtres, les Gaulois.” In the German Kaiserreich between 1871 and 1918, let us say, little Jan Kowalski in Poznan had to accept the Germanic peoples as his forefathers, as every textbook on German history dealt with them at length. Needless to say, not only German medievalists speak of Germans long before theodiscus or teutonicus came to mean deutsch. All over the world people search for the roots of their identity. Take, for instance, the present preoccupation with Celtic ancestors. Not only the Irish, Welsh, Scots, and Bretons, but a great many other Europeans also want to be Celts by origin. “Their successors in Brittany, Wales, or Ireland do not threaten anybody with Anschluss or war. The Celtic origins, therefore, fit the Austrian neutrality perfectly well,” as Erich Zöllner ironically put it in 1976 after Chancellor Bruno Kreisky had openly declared that the Celts and not the Germans were our forefathers.

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