overseas territories
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hardman ◽  
Hannah L. Thomas ◽  
Diane Baum ◽  
Elizabeth Clingham ◽  
Rhys Hobbs ◽  
...  

Like many small island communities, the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are directly dependent on their marine resources for a range of ecosystem services, such as income generation, subsistence, leisure, recreation and wellbeing. Healthy marine ecosystems also play a broader role in climate regulation, coastal resilience and habitat provision. With Blue Belt Programme assistance, the UKOTs are developing enhanced protection and sustainable management strategies for their marine environments, using an Integrated Marine Management (IMM) approach. This coordinates cross-sectoral planning and management to carefully balance marine conservation and sustainable use of resources in order to minimize socio-cultural and economic impacts to the local community. We describe the IMM approach taken in two UKOT case studies. In Ascension Island, a conservation planning and resource management process was initiated with an objective to protect at least 50% of Ascension’s waters from commercial fishing, resulting in the designation of one of the largest Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Southern Atlantic. In St Helena, a new licensing framework for marine developments was developed within an existing sustainable use MPA. From these two approaches, we highlight aspects of the process, lessons learned and recommendations that may be useful for other small islands planning to implement IMM, particularly regarding the importance of effective stakeholder engagement, coordination across different governance scales, and long-term financial resources.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bodey ◽  
Elena Angulo ◽  
Alok Bang ◽  
Celine Bellard ◽  
Jean Fantle-Lepczyk ◽  
...  

Biological invasions represent a key threat to island ecosystems, with pronounced impacts across environments and economies. The ecological impacts have received substantial focus, but the economic costs have lacked synthesis at spatial and temporal scales. Here we utilise the InvaCost database, the most comprehensive global assessment of published economic costs of invasive species, to assess reported spend by cost types and socioeconomic sectors, and to examine temporal trends in spending, across islands that differ in their political geography - nation states, overseas territories or offshore islands of continental countries. We based this assessment on 1473 unique cost entries comprising 2914 annual costs totalling almost US$100 million in area-corrected costs between 1965-2020. We find that offshore islands of continental countries incur the greatest total and management costs. However, nation states incurred the greatest damage costs whilst substantially financing management actions, and spent an overall greater proportion of their GDP. In contrast, spending within overseas territories was significantly lower in all respects. The most impacted sector was authorities and stakeholders, demonstrating the key role of government in addressing island invasions. Temporal trends revealed continual increases in spending across all island types. This likely reflects ongoing introduction rates globally alongside an increased recognition of the importance of islands as biodiversity hotspots, and an appetite to tackle invasive species at larger and more socially complex scales. However, the high economic costs of invasions on islands substantiates the need to prevent them in order to avoid this dire threat to biodiversity and its burden on limited conservation resources.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Byoung-Yoon Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Il Choi ◽  
Eunjung Kim ◽  
Dowon Kim ◽  
Changhyun Shim

The purpose of this paper is to introduce representative appropriate technology research organizations operating in France. Among them, we would like to investigate and introduce five institutions that have acquired a lot of experience due to their long history. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) is a government-funded institution that strengthens science and technology infrastructure in Africa and overseas territories with the aim of supporting and educating science communities in developing countries, and conducts collaborative research with more diverse developing countries. Antenna France is an NGO organization whose main activity is to improve malnutrition in Africa. Ingénieurs sans frontiers is an NGO organization that sets sustainable development as the main goal of the association's activities and leads various activities such as education. Terre & Humanism is an NGO organization that practices ecological agriculture and carries out a social change movement urging to respect life and land, and to constitute an alternative society. Humanitarian Design Bureau is a corporation concept company that mainly carries out R&D for environmentally friendly products necessary for NGO activities.


Nuncius ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-722
Author(s):  
Beatrice Falcucci

Abstract The aim of this paper is to compare the ways in which some of Europe’s most important colonial museums displayed their exhibits—how colonial territories and colonial subjects were represented through visual exhibition, how the display cases were arranged, which objects and artefacts were presented and in what sequence—as the clearest possible representation of the biological, technological, and cultural superiority of Europe with respect to the populations on display. The paper will therefore emphasise both the differences and different histories as well as the similarities between colonial museums in Europe. In fact, while acknowledging that there are special features linked to the differing conditions of both the motherland and her overseas territories, a common cultural horizon can be found in the different national museums taken into consideration here and in the interpretation of the inherent propaganda such institutions promoted.


2021 ◽  
pp. 095715582110588
Author(s):  
Silvia Hueso

This article focuses on the novel Les villes assassines ( 2011 ) by the Martinican writer Alfred Alexandre that shows his decolonial and critical vision of the politics indirectly established from France on overseas territories. The author paints a topography of misery where mafia, drugs and prostitution reign, showing the mechanisms of control and subjection of popular minorities, belonging to the «urban mangrove», whose only way out is, according to the author, a violent position to subvert an order inherited from the slavery regime.


2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110550
Author(s):  
Christophe Morel ◽  
John Conrath ◽  
Bruno Morin ◽  
Eric Parrat ◽  
Eleonora Zito ◽  
...  

Purpose The incidence and severity of diabetes is particularly high in the French overseas territories (FOT). The RECIF study evaluated real life management of diabetic macular oedema (DME) treated by aflibercept in FOT. Methods A prospective, noncomparative, multicentric, non-interventional, study that evaluated functional and anatomical results of patients treated by aflibercept. Twelve retina specialists working in French Polynesia, La Reunion, Guadeloupe and Martinique participated in the study. Results 67 eyes of 57 patients were followed for 12 months. Average VA gain was 7.8 ETDRS letters. 29.9% of eyes gained at least 15 letters, 6% lost 15 letters or more. 67.2% of eyes achieved visual acuity of 70 letters or better. Average central retinal thickness decrease was 115.3 µm. The mean number of injections during the 1st year of treatment was 4.9. 69% of eyes had a loading dose of at least three-monthly injections. 3 eyes were switched to steroid injections during the follow-up for lack of efficacy. Conclusion This study confirmed the efficacy of intravitreal treatment of DME by aflibercept, in the French overseas territories. This evaluation of real-life management of DME underlines the importance of improvement of patient education and collaboration with referring physicians.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD FOURKAN

<p><a>Our initial sample size includes 221 countries which includes 195 United Nations (UN) member countries and some dependent territories for which independent data are available. </a>Some of the countries included in the analysis are dependent territories under some independent countries such as The United Kingdom, which has 14 overseas territories under its jurisdiction. Though they are not independent countries but most of them are internally self-governing with the UK keeping responsibility for protection and foreign affairs. However, we have excluded two countries as the data were missing for many variables for these two territories. The two omitted countries are MS Zaandam and Diamond Princess. So, the final sample size includes 219 countries and territories for which we collected data on COVID-19 as well as their geographic and demographic aspects. More details of the variables included are provided in the table 1. A list of all countries included in the analysis is provided in the appendix. All data from all sources including Wikipedia, World population review and Worldometer are collected during the period of Feb 1, 2021, to Feb 07, 2021.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD FOURKAN

<p><a>Our initial sample size includes 221 countries which includes 195 United Nations (UN) member countries and some dependent territories for which independent data are available. </a>Some of the countries included in the analysis are dependent territories under some independent countries such as The United Kingdom, which has 14 overseas territories under its jurisdiction. Though they are not independent countries but most of them are internally self-governing with the UK keeping responsibility for protection and foreign affairs. However, we have excluded two countries as the data were missing for many variables for these two territories. The two omitted countries are MS Zaandam and Diamond Princess. So, the final sample size includes 219 countries and territories for which we collected data on COVID-19 as well as their geographic and demographic aspects. More details of the variables included are provided in the table 1. A list of all countries included in the analysis is provided in the appendix. All data from all sources including Wikipedia, World population review and Worldometer are collected during the period of Feb 1, 2021, to Feb 07, 2021.</p>


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