MaxEnt Modeling of Distribution and Habitat Preferences of Asiatic Black Bear in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, Jammu and Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Muzaffar A. Kichloo ◽  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Maxent Modeling

scholarly journals Mapping habitat suitability for Asiatic black bear and red panda in Makalu Barun National Park of Nepal from Maxent and GARP models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyi Su ◽  
Manjit Bista ◽  
Mingshi Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Habitat Suitability Modeling ◽  
Red Panda ◽  
Panda Habitat

AbstractHabitat evaluation is essential for managing wildlife populations and formulating conservation policies. With the rise of innovative powerful statistical techniques in partnership with Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS techniques, spatially explicit species distribution modeling (SDM) has rapidly grown in conservation biology. These models can help us to study habitat suitability at the scale of the species range, and are particularly useful for examining the overlapping habitat between sympatric species. Species presence points collected through field GPS observations, in conjunction with 13 different topographic, vegetation related, anthropogenic, and bioclimatic variables, as well as a land cover map with seven classification categories created by support vector machine (SVM) were used to implement Maxent and GARP ecological niche models. With the resulting ecological niche models, the suitable habitat for asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in Nepal Makalu Barun National Park (MBNP) was predicted. All of the predictor variables were extracted from freely available remote sensing and publicly shared government data resources. The modeled results were validated by using an independent dataset. Analysis of the regularized training gain showed that the three most important environmental variables for habitat suitability were distance to settlement, elevation, and mean annual temperature. The habitat suitability modeling accuracy, characterized by the mean area under curve, was moderate for both species when GARP was used (0.791 for black bear and 0.786 for red panda), but was moderate for black bear (0.857), and high for red panda (0.920) when Maxent was used. The suitable habitat estimated by Maxent for black bear and red panda was 716 km2 and 343 km2 respectively, while the suitable area determined by GARP was 1074 km2 and 714 km2 respectively. Maxent predicted that the overlapping area was 83% of the red panda habitat and 40% of the black bear habitat, while GARP estimated 88% of the red panda habitat and 58% of the black bear habitat overlapped. The results of land cover exhibited that barren land covered the highest percentage of area in MBNP (36.0%) followed by forest (32.6%). Of the suitable habitat, both models indicated forest as the most preferred land cover for both species (63.7% for black bear and 61.6% for red panda from Maxent; 59.9% black bear and 58.8% for red panda from GARP). Maxent outperformed GARP in terms of habitat suitability modeling. The black bear showed higher habitat selectivity than red panda. We suggest that proper management should be given to the overlapping habitats in the buffer zone. For remote and inaccessible regions, the proposed methods are promising tools for wildlife management and conservation, deserving further popularization.

Habitat preferences of high-altitude Galliformes in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Soldatini ◽  
Y. V. Albores-Barajas ◽  
B. Pellizzi
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Sagarmatha National Park

Asiatic black bear–human interactions around Dachigam National Park, Kashmir, India

Ursus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina A. Charoo ◽  
Lalit K. Sharma ◽  
S. Sathyakumar
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Dachigam National Park

scholarly journals Activity pattern of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Zahoor ◽  
Xuehua Liu ◽  
Basharat Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
National Park ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear

Abstract The Asiatic black bear is considered an indicator species of the environment, hence, any change in the environment may alter its activity pattern. We monitored the monthly activity pattern of black bears in the moist temperate forests of Machiara National Park, AJ&K, Pakistan. We used infrared camera traps and indigenous knowledge for data collection from April 2019 to April 2021. Camera traps recorded 109 (inside the forest = 107, outside the forest = 2) independent registrations (IR) within 5541 (692.63 ± 36.72, mean ± SD) camera days. We found that (i) spring and autumn were the lowest activity seasons of black bears inside the forest. (ii) Whereas, the highest activities were recorded in summer with peak activities in August followed by July (χ2 = 203.5, df= 7, P< 0.05). (iii) The activity level sharply declined after August and halted from late November to late April which was clear indication of bears’ hibernation period. We collected indigenous knowledge from 70 selected persons, including hunters, herders, temporary residents and crop raiding victims. We used the data of human observation of latest three years and found that (i) bears remained active from May to November and hibernated rest of the period. (ii) The activities were at their peak inside the forest in summer (May – August) and out of the forest in autumn (September – November) when it preferred to raid the widely cultivated maize crop (Zea mays) in the area. The capturing of black bears by camera traps outside the forest further supported the data provided by local people. Such switching over might have occurred due to the food preferences for Zea mays or easy access to abundant food availability out of the forest area. The current data can help mitigate human black bears conflict and consequently future conservation of black bears in the area.

scholarly journals Distribution of Asiatic black bear and its interaction with humans in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letro Letro ◽  
◽  
Sangay Wangchuk ◽  
Tashi Dhendup ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear

Seasonal diets of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in the Khangchendzonga National Park, Eastern Himalaya India

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Rakesh Basnett ◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
Anurag Vishwakarma ◽  
Barin Kumar Boro
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus

Behaviour of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) and Crop Damage in the Forage Corn Field

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka DEGUCHI ◽  
Shusuke SATO ◽  
Kazuo SUGAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Ursus Thibetanus ◽  
Corn Field
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