Effects of Chlorpyrifos andLambda-andGamma-Cyhalothrin on Suppression of Aster Leafhoppers,Macrosteles quadrilineatus(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Spring Wheat1

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Adrianna Szczepaniec ◽  
Neil Spomer
Keyword(s):  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus

scholarly journals Genetic Variation Among Geographically Disparate Isolates of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma in the Contiguous United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Clements ◽  
Marjorie Garcia ◽  
Benjamin Bradford ◽  
Linda Crubaugh ◽  
Shannon Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Aster Yellows phytoplasma (AYp; Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) is associated with diseases of herbaceous plants, including ornamentals and important commercial vegetable and grain crops. The aster leafhopper (ALH; Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes) is the predominant vector of these bacteria, though other leafhopper species can acquire and transmit AYp. Potentially inoculative leafhoppers are reported to overwinter in the southern United States and migrate to northern latitudes in the spring. Examining the genetic similarities and differences in AYp associated with southern and northern populations of ALH may provide insight into the role that migrating ALH play in AYp disease development. To investigate similarities among geographically distinct populations of ALH and characterize the variation in AYp associated within these populations, we identified genetic variations in subgroup designation and the relative proportions of secreted AY-WB proteins from field-collected populations of AYp isolated from ALH from select locations in the southern (Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) and the northern United States (Wisconsin) in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Isolated phytoplasma were tested for variation of AYp genotypes, numbers of potentially inoculative (AYp-positive) ALH, and presence of specific AYp virulence (effector) genes. Geographically distinct populations of ALH collected in northern and southern regions were similar in CO1 genotype but carried different proportions of AYp genotypes. While similar AYp strains were detected in geographically distinct locations, the proportion of each genotype varied over time.

Interactions between Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae) and insect pests of canola

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soroka ◽  
Chrystel Olivier ◽  
Larry Grenkow ◽  
Ginette Séguin-Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractIn an investigation of Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz (Brassicaceae) and five common insect pests of canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus) (Brassicaceae), little feeding damage to the plant was inflicted by crucifer-feeding specialist flea beetles (Phyllotreta Chevrolat species) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Delia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) root maggots, or diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)). In choice tests, diamondback moths laid fewer eggs on C. sativa than on B. napus leaves. Diamondback moth larvae consumed less C. sativa leaf tissue, and tended to have a longer developmental period on C. sativa. Larvae of the polyphagous bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) had similar feeding levels on C. sativa and B. napus plants. However, there was a longer developmental period from larval to pupal stage and pupae weighed less when fed on C. sativa foliage, suggesting that C. sativa contains antibiosis factors against bertha armyworm. Two strains of aster yellows phytoplasma, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, were identified in C. sativa and in Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Differences in incidence of aster yellows and abundance of M. quadrilineatus were observed among lines of C. sativa. The findings confirm that C. sativa is unlikely to support high populations of these insect pests on the Canadian prairies.

scholarly journals Identifying Leafhopper Targets for Controlling Aster Yellows in Carrots and Celery

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Stillson ◽  
Zsofia Szendrei
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma ◽  
Species Being

Aster yellows phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) is a multi-host plant pathogen and is transmitted by at least 24 leafhopper species. Pathogen management is complex and requires a thorough understanding of vector dynamics. In the American Midwest, aster yellows is of great concern for vegetable farmers who focus on controlling one vector, Macrosteles quadrilineatus—the aster leafhopper. However, vegetable-associated leafhopper communities can be diverse. To investigate whether additional species are important aster yellows vectors, we surveyed leafhopper communities at commercial celery and carrot farms in Michigan from 2018 to 2019 and conducted real-time PCR to determine infection status. Leafhoppers were collected within crop fields and field edges and identified with DNA barcoding. Overall, we collected 5049 leafhoppers, with the most abundant species being M. quadrilineatus (57%) and Empoasca fabae—the potato leafhopper (23%). Our results revealed the most abundant aster yellows vector in Michigan in both crops is M. quadrilineatus, but we also found that E. fabae may be a potential vector for this pathogen. While several taxa reside in and near these crops, we did not find strong evidence that they contribute to phytoplasma infection. These findings indicate that M. quadrilineatus should be the primary target for controlling this pathogen.

Aster Leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
George Hangay ◽  
Severiano F. Gayubo ◽  
Marjorie A. Hoy ◽  
Marta Goula ◽  
Allen Sanborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper

scholarly journals First Report of Phytoplasmas Infecting Watercress in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Borth ◽  
R. T. Hamasaki ◽  
D. Ogata ◽  
S. K. Fukuda ◽  
J. S. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Aster Leafhopper ◽  
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma

Symptoms of leaf yellowing, reduced leaf size, and witches'-brooms have recently been observed affecting watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum Boen. × Rcbh.) in Hawaii. These symptoms are followed by the collapse of affected plants. This condition has led to 80 to 90% losses for one of the largest watercress farms on Oahu and is now affecting other watercress farms in the area. Nutritional deficiencies or toxicities, water salinity, and insect or mite feeding damage were investigated but could not be implicated in the etiology of this syndrome. Eighteen watercress plants with early yellowing or advanced symptoms and nine symptomless plants were analyzed for phytoplasma infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with primer pairs P1/Tint or P1/P7 (4). Amplicons of the expected sizes were produced from all symptomatic plants, whereas no products were amplified from symptomless plants. Sequence analysis of the cloned PCR products confirmed their phytoplasma origin and indicated that the watercress was infected with a phytoplasma most similar to SAY (2), a severe strain of western aster yellows phytoplasma previously classified as a 16SrI-B group member (3). Leafhoppers collected from an affected watercress planting have been identified as the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus Fbs.) This species is the most efficient vector of the aster yellows phytoplasma and had not been previously recorded in Hawaii. The only other phytoplasma disease known in Hawaii prior to this report is Dodonaea yellows (1), which affects one of the most common native plants (Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.) in dry upland forests on all the islands. Dodonaea yellows, however, has been attributed to an X-disease (16SrIII) group phytoplasma. The occurrence of an aster yellows group phytoplasma in watercress, a previously unrecorded host, and the presence of a very efficient vector, M. quadrilineatus, poses a serious threat to the production of other vegetable and floral crops in Hawaii. References: (1) W. Borth et al. Plant Dis. 79:1094, 1995. (2) C. Kuske and B. Kirkpatrick. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:226, 1992. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (4) C. Smart et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2988, 1996.

scholarly journals A New Phytoplasma Infecting Lettuce in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salehi ◽  
K. Izadpanah ◽  
N. Nejat
Keyword(s):  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
New Host ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Wild Lettuce ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus

Lettuce phyllody (LP) is an economically important disease of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in vegetative crop and seed crop fields in the Fars Province of Iran. Wild lettuce phyllody (WLP) occurs also in epidemic proportions in wild lettuce (L. serriola) during the fall in Iranian central and southern provinces, especially in Fars. Among various leafhopper species tested, Neoaliturus fenestratus successfully transmitted agents of LP and WLP to lettuce, wild lettuce, periwinkle, and sowthistle directly after field collection or after 5 to 7 days of feeding on diseased source plants. With primer pair P1/P7 in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), target DNA fragments (1.8 kbp) were amplified from total nucleic acid samples extracted from diseased lettuce and wild lettuce plants, but not from healthy counterparts. On the basis of disease symptoms, leafhopper transmission, and positive reaction in phytoplasma-specific PCR, Iranian lettuce and wild lettuce phyllodies agents have phytoplasmal etiology. Phylogenetic and putative restriction site analysis of 16S/23S rDNA spacer region (SR) indicated that LP and WLP phytoplasmas are members of pigeon pea witches'-broom (16SrIX) group and are closely related. Reciprocal transmission of LP phytoplasma to wild lettuce and WLP phytoplasma to lettuce by the same leafhopper species and induction of similar symptoms in common hosts are other evidences that agents of LP and WLP may be related or identical phytoplasmas. This is the first report of lettuce as a new host in pigeon pea witches'-broom group and N. fenestratus as a vector of a pigeon pea witches'-broom group phytoplasma. In other countries, phytoplasmas of aster yellows group (16SrI) are commonly associated with phytoplasmal lettuce diseases (2) and Macrosteles quadrilineatus leafhopper is reported as the vector (1). Relatedness of WLP phytoplasma to 16SrIX group was previously reported (3). On the basis of the results of this study, wild lettuce and sowthistle are two reservoirs of LP phytoplasma. References: (1) D. Errampalli et al. Phytopathology 76:1084, 1986. (2) I.-M. Lee et al. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 54:221, 2000. (3) E. Verdin et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. Evol. Microbiol. 53:833, 2003.

Spiroplasma phoeniceum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus

Abstract A description is provided for Spiroplasma phoeniceum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Catharanthus roseus is the natural host. The aster, Calistephus chinensis, has been infected artificially. DISEASE: Periwinkle plants are yellowed and growth retarded, but with aster, symptoms are more severe and include yellowing and malformation of leaves, rosetting of plants and dwarfing of flowers. GEOGRAPICAL DISTRIBUTION: Syria. TRANSMISSION: The natural insect vectors and plant reservoirs are unknown, but the leafhopper Macrosteles fascifrons[Macrosteles quadrilineatus] has been used in experimental transmissions. After injection the insects successfully transmitted the pathogen to periwinkle and aster.

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