One Size Does Not Fit All

Past research often neglected to examine the unique factors influencing linguistic development in EFL environments. Modern research, however, is beginning to recognize and investigate these factors. The purpose of this chapter is to examine key differences in Asian EFL contexts that require pedagogical reforms. Review of these contexts has revealed three main issues: a dearth of input, an absence of authentic opportunities for practice, and the prevalence of cultural and historical traditions (e.g., Confucianism) that make adapting communicative techniques a challenge. Ways to reform input, cultivate metacognitive awareness, utilize technology, and provide social skills training have been proposed according to the unique needs within Asian EFL settings.