Distribution and Contamination Evaluation of Lead in the Sediments of Northern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 984-987
Author(s):  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation

The distribution, enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of lead (Pb) in the surface sediments of northern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan were investigated. Results showed that the Pb concentrations varied from 10.9–73.2 mg/kg with an average of 42.1±19.1 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Pb reveals that the Pb concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Pb pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the river mouth can be characterized between severe and very severe degree enrichment and between moderately strong and strong to very strong accumulation of Pb, respectively.

Evaluation of Mercury Contamination in Surface Sediments of Southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree

Total mercury (T-Hg) concentration was determined to evaluation the distribution, enrichment, accumulation and potential ecological risk of mercury contamination in the surface sediments of southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Sediment samples from 12 locations located between the river mouths (i.e., Jen-Gen River and Salt River) and harbor entrance of southern Kaohsiung Harbor were collected and characterized for T-Hg, aluminum, water content, organic matter, and grain size. Results showed that the T-Hg concentrations varied from 0.190.45 mg/kg with an average of 0.28±0.09 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of T-Hg reveals is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Hg pollution; and Hg may drift with sea current to be dispersed into open sea. Results from the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analyses imply that the sediments can be characterized between moderate and moderately severe degree enrichment and between none to medium and moderate accumulation of Hg, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has higher to high ecological potential risk.

Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Copper in Surface Sediments of Southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree

Major objectives of this study are to evaluation the enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of copper (Cu) in the surface sediments of southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Twelve sampling locations were installed of southern Kaohsiung Harbor to collect sediment samples for analyzing Cu. Results showed that the Cu concentrations varied from 6.0953 mg/kg with an average of 132±165 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cu reveals that the Cu concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Cu pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the Salt River mouth can be characterized very severe degree enrichment and strong accumulation of Cu, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low to higher ecological potential risk.

Distribution and Potential Risk of Copper in Surface Sediments of Anping Harbor, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index

This study was conducted using the data collected at the Anping Harbor, Taiwan to investigate and analyze Copper (Cu) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the accumulation of Cr and the degree of its potential risk. The results show that samples collected at ten monitoring points contain 23380 mg/kg of Cu with an average of 114±101 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cu reveals that the Cu concentration is relatively high in the Bamboo River mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the Bamboo River mouth sediments can be characterized as severe enrichment and moderate to strong accumulation of Cu, respectively. However, results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low ecological potential risk. The results can provide valuable information to developing future strategies for the management of river mouth and harbor.

Evaluation of Zinc Contamination in the Sediments of Canon River Mouth, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1767-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Zinc Contamination

This study was conducted using the data collected at the mouth of Canon River to investigate and analyze zinc (Zn) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the accumulation of Zn and the degree of its potential risk. The results show that samples collected at all monitoring stations near the mouth of Canon River contain 358–3,365 mg/kg of Zn with average of 1,878±1,015 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Zn reveals that the Zn concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. The enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicate that the sedimentation at Canon River mouth has the moderately severe to extremely severe degree accumulation and moderate to very strongly accumulation of Zn. However, the potential ecological risk index indicates that the sedimentation at Canon River mouth has the low to moderate ecological potential risk.

Enrichment, Accumulation, and Potential Ecological Risk of Lead in the Sediments of Love River Mouth, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1570-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree

Major objectives of this study are to evaluation the enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of lead (Pb) in the sediments of Love River mouth, Taiwan. Ten monitoring stations were installed near the mouth of Love River to collect sediment samples for analyzing Pb. Results of laboratory analyses show that concentrations of Pb in the sediments are between 44 and 105 mg/kg with an average of 74±19 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Pb reveals that the Pb concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor (EF) analysis imply that the sediments can be characterized as moderately severe to severe degree of Pb enrichment. Results of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analysis indicate that the sediments can be characterized as moderate to moderately strong degree of Pb accumulation. However, results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sedimentation at Love River mouth has the low ecological potential risk.

Evaluation of Cadmium Contamination in the Surface Sediments of Anping Harbor, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index

This study was conducted using the data collected at the Anping Harbor, Taiwan to investigate and analyze cadmium (Cd) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the accumulation of Cr and the degree of its potential risk. The results show that samples collected at ten monitoring points contain 0.040.60 mg/kg of Cd with an average of 0.26±0.18 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cd reveals that the Cd concentration is relatively high in river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the Bamboo River mouth sediments can be characterized as moderately severe enrichment and moderate accumulation of Cd, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the surface sediment has higher ecological potential risk in Bamboo River mouth. The results can provide valuable information to developing future strategies for the management of river mouth and harbor.

Cadmium Contamination in the Sediments of Love River Mouth, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 988-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree

Major objectives of this study are to evaluation the enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of cadmium (Cd) in the sediments of Love River mouth, Taiwan. Ten monitoring stations were installed near the mouth of Love River to collect sediment samples for analyzing Cd. Results of laboratory analyses show that contents of Cd in the sediments are between 0.27 and 1.25 mg/kg with an average of 0.74±0.33 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cd reveals that the Cd concentration is relatively high near the boundary of the river mouth, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor analysis imply that the sediments can be characterized as minor to severe degree of Cd enrichment. Results of geo-accumulation index analysis indicate that the sediments can be characterized as none to moderately strong degree of Cd accumulation. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediments at Love River mouth has moderate to high ecological potential risk.

Evaluation of Cadmium Contamination in the Sediments of Northern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1334-1339
Author(s):  
Li Chen Chang ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree

The distribution, enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of Cadmium (Cd) in the surface sediments of northern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan were investigated. Sediment samples from 12 locations of Kaohsiung Harbor were collected and characterized for Cd, aluminum, water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total grease, and grain size. Results showed that the Cd concentrations varied from 0.25–2.28 mg/kg with an average of 0.58±0.58 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cd reveals that the Cd concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Cd pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the river mouth can be characterized between moderate and severe degree enrichment and between moderate and moderate to strong accumulation of Cd, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has higher to high ecological potential risk. Therefore, a strategy for effective controlling and managing river upstream pollution needs to be immediately implemented in order to improve the sediment quality and alleviate the ecological risk.

Zinc Contamination in Sediments of Southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Yi Kuo Chang ◽  
Yu Sung Hsiao ◽  
Jiann Yuh Lou ◽  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Zinc Contamination

Major objectives of this study are to evaluation the enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of zinc (Zn) in the surface sediments of southern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Twelve sampling locations were installed of southern Kaohsiung Harbor to collect sediment samples for analyzing Zn. Results showed that the Zn concentrations varied from 731–946 mg/kg with an average of 323±525 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Zn reveals that the Zn concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Zn pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the Salt River mouth can be characterized very severe degree enrichment and strong to very strong accumulation of Zn, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has low ecological potential risk.

Evaluation of the Status of Copper Contamination of Surface Sediments of Jen-Gen River Estuary, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1381-1384
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Yao Ting Tu ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Chih Ming Kao ◽  
Chih Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Severe Degree

Major objectives of this study are to evaluation the enrichment, accumulation, and potential biological effects of copper (Cu) in the surface sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary, Taiwan. Eleven sampling locations were installed near the mouth of Jen-Gen River to collect sediment samples for analyzing Cu. Results of laboratory analyses show that concentrations of Cu in the sediments are between 67 and 278 mg/kg with an average of 181±61 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cu reveals that the Cu concentration is relatively high in the boundary of the river estuary. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor (EF) analysis imply that the sediments can be characterized as minor to moderately severe degree of Cu enrichment. Results of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analysis indicate that the sediments can be characterized as none to moderate degree of Cu accumulation. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of Cu in Jen-Gen River mouth sediments may cause acute biological damage.

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