The Application of Hydraulic Fracturing in Storage Projects of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

2006 ◽  
Vol 306-308 ◽  
pp. 1509-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Feng ◽  
Qian Sheng ◽  
Chao Wen Luo ◽  
Jing Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Test System ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

It is very important to study the pristine stress field in Civil, Mining, Petroleum engineering as well as in Geology, Geophysics, and Seismology. There are various methods of determination of in-situ stress in rock mass. However, hydraulic fracturing techniques is the most convenient method to determine and interpret the test results. Based on an hydraulic fracturing stress measurement campaign at an underground liquefied petroleum gas storage project which locates in ZhuHai, China, this paper briefly describes the various uses of stress measurement, details of hydraulic fracturing test system, test procedure adopted and the concept of hydraulic fracturing in arriving at the in-situ stresses of the rock mass.

Understanding Unusual Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test Results in Tight Gas Fields - A Holistic Approach to Resolving the Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N.. N. Naidu ◽  
E.A.. A. Guevara ◽  
A.J.. J. Twynam ◽  
J.. Rueda ◽  
W.. Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a commonly used completion approach for extracting hydrocarbon resources from formations, particularly in those formations of very low permeability. As part of this process the use of Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFIT) can provide valuable information. When the measured pressures in such tests are outside the expected range for a given formation, a number of possibilities and questions will arise. Such considerations may include: What caused such inflated pressures? What is the in-situ stress state? Was there a mechanical or operational problem? Was the test procedure or the test equipment at fault? What else can explain the abnormal behaviour? While there may not be simple answers to all of these questions, such an experience can lead to a technically inaccurate conclusion based on inadequate analysis. A recently completed project faced just such a challenge, initially resulting in poor hydraulic fracturing efficiency and a requirement to understand the root causes. In support of this, a thorough analysis involving a multi-disciplinary review team from several technical areas, including petrophysics, rock/geo-mechanics, fluids testing/engineering, completions engineering, hydraulic fracture design and petroleum engineering, was undertaken. This paper describes the evolution of this study, the work performed, the results and conclusions from the analysis. The key factors involved in planning a successful DFIT are highlighted with a general template and a work process for future testing provided. The importance of appreciating the impact of the drilling and completion fluids composition, their properties and their compatibility with the formation fluids are addressed. The overall process and technical approach from this case study in tight gas fields, will have applicability across similar fields and the lessons learned could help unlock those reserves that are initially deemed technically or even commercially unattractive due to abnormal or unexpected behaviour measured during a DFIT operation.

RECENT EXPERIENCE WITH EXTENDED LEAK-OFF TESTS FOR IN-SITU STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN AUSTRALIA

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Enever ◽  
N. Yassir ◽  
D.R. Willoughby ◽  
M.A. Addis
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Fracture Stress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
In Situ Stress Measurement ◽  
In Situ Stress Field

The historical and theoretical backgrounds of standard and extended leak-off tests with respect to in-situ stress measurement are discussed and compared with hydraulic fracture stress measurement as practised in other industries. The relative advantages of extended leak-off tests compared with standard tests in this context are discussed and a case made for the extended test procedure. The diagnostics of pressure records obtained from extended leak-off tests are discussed in light of extensive experience obtained from hydraulic fracture stress measurement, with reference to a number of extended leak-off tests conducted in Australia. A conclusion is reached that extended leak-off tests can potentially provide data of quality comparable with that obtained from ideal hydraulic fracture stress measurement, allowing resolution of the in-situ stress field with reasonable reliability in many cases. The results of some Australian extended leak-off tests are discussed and contrasted with corresponding data obtained from standard leak-off tests. A trend is revealed from this data for extended leak-off tests to produce a lower estimate of the minimum stress magnitude than standard leak-off tests.

Integrated Application of Three In Situ Stress Measurement Techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Lan Qiao ◽  
Zhi Li Sui
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
In Situ Stresses ◽  
In Situ Stress Measurement ◽  
Iron Mine ◽  
Acoustic Emission Test

The CSIRO overcoring stress relief and hydraulic fracturing methods are the most popular methods used for the measurement of in-situ stress at depth. One major advantage of the CSIRO overcoring stress relief method is that the three dimensional state of stress can be obtained, but the measurement must be done in an excavated tunnel[1]. Hydraulic fracturing method can be carried out on the ground surface, but it assumed that one of the principal stresses direction is vertical[2,3]. In terms of the disadvantages of the two methods, the techniques based on core orientation and acoustic emission behavior of rocks are incorporated in the in-situ stress measurement in order to obtain the in-situ stress conditions at depth in Shuichang Iron Mine. According to the comparison of the measurement data obtained from the acoustic emission test in the laboratory and CSIRO overcoring stress relief measurement in the field, effectiveness of the acoustic emission test is confirmed. In addition, the relationships between in-situ stresses and tectonic settings are analyzed. Finally, the distribution of in-situ stresses in Shuichang Iron Mine is given, which provides a meaningful guideline for the following mining and design.

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