New record of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Canada: predicted range expansion and potential effects on native species

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Rosati ◽  
S.L. VanLaerhoven
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽  
Essex County ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria ◽  
Rural Sites

AbstractThis is the first report of the hairy maggot blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), in Canada since its arrival in the continental United States of America in 1982. Specimens were collected from one swine (Sus scrofa L.) carcass in fall 2004 and again from six swine carcasses at three rural sites within the Windsor/Essex County region of southwestern Ontario in fall 2005. Based upon the biological characteristics of the species and the absence of specimens from spring and summer carrion-insect collections, it is suggested that C. rufifacies is present in southwestern Ontario during the fall season, after range expansion from the midcontinental United States of America during the spring and summer months. However, considering the projected increases in temperature due to global warming, establishment of C. rufifacies is predicted to extend well into southern Ontario and Quebec. Current and predicted distributions based upon the biological temperature requirements of C. rufifacies are depicted through geographic range maps. The potential economic and ecological impacts are discussed, with emphasis upon negative interactions between C. rufifacies and several native blow fly species, particularly Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabr.).

Unexpectedly high levels of parasitism of wheat stem sawfly larvae in postcutting diapause chambers

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Rand ◽  
Debra K. Waters ◽  
Thomas G. Shanower
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Parasitism Rates

AbstractWe examined rates of late-season parasitism of larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), by native species of Bracon F. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) over 8 years in Montana and North Dakota, United States of America. We found that rates of parasitism of larvae in diapause chambers reached a maximum of 46%, exceeding the previously reported maximum of 2.5% in 75% of sites and years examined. In contrast to previous work, our results demonstrate that C. cinctus larvae are suitable hosts for braconid parasitoids, even after the formation of diapause chambers, and suggest that parasitism rates may be underestimated if stems are sampled prior to harvest.

scholarly journals Blow Flies Visiting Decaying Alligators: Is Succession Synchronous or Asynchronous?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Nelder ◽  
John W. McCreadie ◽  
Clinton S. Major
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Community Succession ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Chrysomya Megacephala ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria

Succession patterns of adult blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on decaying alligators were investigated in Mobile (Ala, USA) during August 2002. The most abundant blow fly species visiting the carcasses wereChrysomya rufifacies(Macquart),Cochliomyia macellaria(Fabricus),Chrysomya megacephala(Fabricus),Phormia regina(Meigen), andLucilia coeruleiviridis(Macquart).Lucilia coeruleiviridiswas collected more often during the early stages of decomposition, followed byChrysomyaspp.,Cochliomyia macellaria, andPhormia reginain the later stages.Lucilia coeruleiviridiswas the only synchronous blow fly on the three carcasses; other blow fly species exhibited only site-specific synchrony. Using dichotomous correlations and analyses of variance, we demonstrated that blow fly-community succession was asynchronous among three alligators; however, Monte Carlo simulations indicate that there was some degree of synchrony between the carcasses.

High predatory efficiency and abundance drive expected ecological impacts of a marine invasive fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM DeRoy ◽  
R Scott ◽  
NE Hussey ◽  
HJ MacIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Eastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Red Grouper ◽  
Per Capita

The ecological impacts of invasive species are highly variable and mediated by many factors, including both habitat and population abundance. Lionfish Pterois volitans are an invasive marine species which have high reported detrimental effects on prey populations, but whose effects relative to native predators are currently unknown for the recently colonized eastern Gulf of Mexico. We used functional response (FR) methodology to assess the ecological impact of lionfish relative to 2 functionally similar native species (red grouper Epinephelus morio and graysby grouper Cephalopholis cruentata) foraging in a heterogeneous environment. We then combined the per capita impact of each species with their field abundance to obtain a Relative Impact Potential (RIP). RIP assesses the broader ecological impact of invasive relative to native predators, the magnitude of which predicts community-level negative effects of invasive species. Lionfish FR and overall consumption rate was intermediate to that of red grouper (higher) and graysby grouper (lower). However, lionfish had the highest capture efficiency of all species, which was invariant of habitat. Much higher field abundance of lionfish resulted in high RIPs relative to both grouper species, demonstrating that the ecological impact of lionfish in this region will be driven mainly by high abundance and high predator efficiency rather than per capita effect. Our comparative study is the first empirical assessment of lionfish per capita impact and RIP in this region and is one of few such studies to quantify the FR of a marine predator.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

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