Differences in the constitutive terpene profile of lodgepole pine across a geographical range in British Columbia, and correlation with historical attack by mountain pine beetle

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Clark ◽  
Allan L. Carroll ◽  
Dezene P.W. Huber
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

AbstractThe mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a destructive insect pest in western Nearctic conifer forests. Currently, British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing the largest recorded outbreak of this insect, including areas that historically have had low climatic suitability for it. We analyzed 26 constitutive resin terpenes in phloem samples from British Columbia lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) populations to test for differential resistance to mountain pine beetle attack, based upon the likelihood of previous exposure to mountain pine beetle. We assessed sampled trees for number of mountain pine beetle attacks, number of pupal chambers, and tree survival the following spring. Significant differences were found when levels of certain terpenes in lodgepole pine populations that had likely experienced substantial mountain pine beetle infestations in the past were compared with those in populations that likely had not experienced large outbreaks of mountain pine beetle. Although we expected southern pine populations to contain more total terpenes than northern populations, owing to higher historical exposure to the beetle, the converse was found. Northern populations generally had higher levels of constitutive terpenes and beetle attack than southern populations. Because several terpenes are kairomones to the mountain pine beetle and also serve as precursors for the synthesis of pheromones, the lower levels of terpenes expressed by lodgepole pines from the historical range of the mountain pine beetle may render them less chemically perceptible to foraging beetles.

Entomocorticium dendroctoni gen. et sp. nov. (Basidiomycotina), a possible nutritional symbiote of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
R. J. Bandoni ◽  
F. Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

A new basidiomycete, Entomocorticium dendroctoni Whitn., Band. & Oberw., gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This cryptic fungus intermingles with blue stain fungi and produces abundant essentially sessile basidiospores in the galleries and pupal chambers of the mountain pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). The insect apparently disseminates the fungus. Experimentally, young partially insectary reared adult beetles fed E. dendroctoni produced 19% more eggs than beetles fed the blue stain fungi.

A New Formulation and Reduced Rates of Carbary for Protecting Lodgepole Pine from Mountain Pine Beetle Attack

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Shea ◽  
Mark McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
New Formulation

Abstract A large-scale field experiment was conducted on the Flathead National Forest, Montana, to evaluate the efficacy of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% formulations of Sevimol® and Sevin brand XLR® for protecting individual lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) from attack by mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.). All concentrations and formulations were highly effective (>95%) in protecting lodgepole pine trees from lethal attack by mountain pine beetle for 1 year, and the 1% and 2% concentrations were effective (>90%) for 2 years. West. J. Appl. For. 2(4):114-116, October 1987

EMERGENCE OF IPS PINI AND HYLURGOPS POROSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM DUFF AT THE BASE OF LODGEPOLE PINES (PINACEAE) KILLED BY MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
D.A. Linton ◽  
T.L. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
Root Collar

Lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. contorta Engelmann, killed by mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, are often subsequently infested by other scolytid species (Safranyik et al. 1996). Ips pini (Say) breeds in the phloem region of the main bole and larger branches in areas not occupied by mountain pine beetle. Adults emerge in the fall and drop to overwinter in the duff near the bases of their brood trees (Safranyik et al. 1996). Hylurgops porosus (LeConte) infests lodgepole pine (Keen 1952; Bright 1976) stumps or severely weakened trees near the root collar and in large roots (Wood 1982). We examined the pattern of emergence of I. pini and H. porosus from the duff around infested trees to describe changes in density over distance from the trees.

scholarly journals Characteristics of forest legacies following two mountain pine beetle outbreaks in British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
Lara van Akker ◽  
Brad Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a native insect of North America, periodically reaches population sizes that cause serious economic impact to the forest industry in western North America. The most recent outbreak in British Columbia (BC), Canada, which began in the late 1990s, is only now (2015) abating, after causing unprecedented tree mortality in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex. Loudon) forests. In this paper, we make use of permanent research plots to report on the condition of lodgepole pine forests in the Chilcotin Plateau of central BC, which underwent two fully documented mountain pine beetle outbreaks. In this region, the first outbreak started in the late 1970s and lasted until the mid-1980s; the second outbreak began in the early 2000s and ended in 2010. We measured the impacts of these outbreaks in terms of tree mortality and describe the characteristics of the legacies that remain following these outbreaks, including survivors in various canopy layers and levels of existing and new regeneration. We provide evidence in support of the existence of postdisturbance legacies that classify into five distinct stand structure types. Abundant regeneration and surviving intermediate canopy layers in most stands indicate that management actions to restock pine stands in this area will not likely be necessary. The information provided by this study is important for estimating future forest development and timber supply and for forest planning and management.

scholarly journals Gallery success, brood production, and condition of mountain pine beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reared in whitebark and lodgepole pine from Alberta, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D. Esch ◽  
David W. Langor ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pines

Breeding pairs of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) were introduced into freshly cut bolts of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in the laboratory. Brood adults emerging from the bolts were collected and galleries were dissected to compare reproductive success, brood production, and adult condition between the two pines. Beetles were more likely to establish egg galleries that produced brood in lodgepole pine than in whitebark pine. Larval gallery density per centimetre of egg gallery was significantly higher in whitebark pine than in lodgepole pine; however, egg galleries also tended to be shorter in whitebark pine bolts, and consequently, brood adults emerging production per gallery did not differ between the two host species. Female body size, mass, and fat content of brood adults and survival from larva to adult did not differ between beetles reared in the two hosts. Though this no-choice assay did not simulate the sequence of events occurring during host selection, these results are consistent with other data suggesting that beetles could be less likely to attack whitebark pines in southwestern Alberta. Whitebark pines that are attacked will produce brood in similar numbers and condition as those from lodgepole pines.

Susceptibility of lodgepole pine stands to the mountain pine beetle: testing of a rating system

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Shore ◽  
L Safranyik ◽  
J P Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Pine Beetle

A system for rating the susceptibility of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands to the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) was field tested in 38 stands in the Cariboo forest region of British Columbia in a retrospective study. A linear relationship was defined between the percentage of basal area killed by the mountain pine beetle and the susceptibility indices for the sample stands. The system was further tested using an independent data set of 41 stands from across southern British Columbia. Forty of the 41 stands fell within the 95% prediction interval of the original model data for stand susceptibility. This study provides validation for a susceptibility rating model described in 1992. The regression model and associated confidence interval also provide a useful tool for landscape level loss predictions due to the mountain pine beetle.

UNCERTAIN FATE OF SPOT INFESTATIONS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPKINS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Small Spot ◽  
Pine Beetle

Large infestations of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), reportedly arise from small, spot infestations that expand, multiply, and eventually coalesce (Safranyik et al. 1974). If these spot infestations can be located and eradicated, the development of outbreaks may be delayed, or even precluded. The principal means of eradication of such spots in forests of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, in British Columbia is single tree disposal (B.C. Ministry of Forests 1987). This may be accomplished by treating with an arsenical herbicide within 3–4 weeks after attack, cutting, bucking, piling, and burning trees before brood emergence, or extraction and processing of brood trees before emergence.

Forest structure altered by mountain pine beetle outbreaks affects subsequent attack in a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2403-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Kashian ◽  
Rebecca M. Jackson ◽  
Heather D. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The 1960S

Extensive outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) will alter the structure of many stands that will likely be attacked again before experiencing a stand-replacing fire. We examined a stand of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in Grand Teton National Park currently experiencing a moderate-level outbreak and previously attacked by mountain pine beetle in the 1960s. Consistent with published studies, tree diameter was the main predictor of beetle attack on a given tree, large trees were preferentially attacked, and tree vigor, age, and cone production were unimportant variables for beetle attack at epidemic levels. Small trees killed in the stand were killed based mainly on their proximity to large trees and were likely spatially aggregated with large trees as a result of the previous outbreak. We concluded that the driving factors of beetle attack and their spatial patterns are consistent across outbreak severities but that stand structure altered by the previous outbreak had implications for the current outbreaks in the same location. This study should catalyze additional research that examines how beetle-altered stand structure affects future outbreaks — an important priority for predicting their impacts under climate change scenarios that project increases in outbreak frequency and extent.

OBSERVATIONS ON A TRIAL OF BROADCAST BURNING TO CONTROL AN INFESTATION OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Stock ◽  
R.A. Gorley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., causes extensive mortality of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm., throughout western North America (Van Sickle 1982). The Prince Rupert Forest Region, in the northwest of British Columbia, initiated an aggressive beetle management program in 1981. Logging of infested stands, and winter felling and burning of individual infested trees are the most common direct control techniques.The “Bristol Lake” infestation developed in the Bulkley Forest District, approximately 55 km northwest of Smithers, B.C., on a steep rocky ridge within the valley of Harold Price Creek. The area contained large volumes of mature lodgepole pine, and control of the infestation was therefore considered critical to the local beetle management plan, but the size (50 ha) and rough topography of the infested area precluded normal direct control measures.

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