Wtt-degrees and T-degrees of r.e. sets

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stob
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Turing Degree ◽  
Turing Reducibility

AbstractWe use some simple facts about the wtt-degrees of r.e. sets together with a construction to answer some questions concerning the join and meet operators in the r.e. degrees. The construction is that of an r.e. Turing degree a with just one wtt-degree in a such that a is the join of a minimal pair of r.e. degrees. We hope to illustrate the usefulness of studying the stronger reducibility orderings of r.e. sets for providing information about Turing reducibility.

Durational contrast in gemination and informativity

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Sano
Keyword(s):  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

AbstractRecent studies in Message Oriented Phonology (MOP) have provided increasing evidence that informativity plays a non-trivial role in linguistic behavior. This paper provides a case study of MOP focusing on the durational contrast of singleton and geminate consonants in spoken Japanese. In modern Japanese, short consonants (singletons) and long consonants (geminates) are lexically contrastive, and the durational properties of these consonants are affected by a variety of factors. This provides a useful test of the assumptions of MOP. Based on the assumption that the higher the informativity, the more robustly the contrast is phonetically implemented, this study examines the hypothesis that the durations of singletons and geminates increase or decrease according to the informativity of their durational contrast. The study confirms that (i) the distribution of singletons and geminates is affected by the manner of articulation and positional differences (morpheme-initial, medial, and final); (ii) the distributional differences follow from the informativity of contrasts as represented by Shannon’s entropy; and (iii) the durational contrast is enhanced by the presence or absence of a minimal pair.

scholarly journals Ramsey's theorem and cone avoidance

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir D. Dzhafarov ◽  
Carl G. Jockusch
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Ramsey's Theorem ◽  
Ramsey’S Theorem ◽  
Homogeneous Set

AbstractIt was shown by Cholak, Jockusch, and Slaman that every computable 2-coloring of pairs admits an infinite low2 homogeneous set H. We answer a question of the same authors by showing that H may be chosen to satisfy in addition C ≰rH, where C is a given noncomputable set. This is shown by analyzing a new and simplified proof of Seetapun's cone avoidance theorem for Ramsey's theorem. We then extend the result to show that every computable 2-coloring of pairs admits a pair of low2 infinite homogeneous sets whose degrees form a minimal pair.

scholarly journals AL-AKHTHA’ FII IKTISAB AL-TSUNAIYAT AL-SHUGHRA

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Child Age

Language acquisition starts from the ability of listening basic letter(iktisab al-ashwat) since child age. The letter of a language is limited in number, and sometimes there is similarity of letters among languages. The similarity of letters in two languages make it easy to learn the language. On the contrary, the obstacle of language learning can be caused by different letters between two languages (mother tongue and second/foreign language). The problem may be caused by minimal pairs (tsunaiyat al-shughro). This research aims at finding out the error of minimal pair acquisition, with the subject of Indonesian students in Jami’ah Malik Saud Saudi Arabia, with the method of error analysis. The study concludes that in iktisab al-ashwat of minimal pairs, the error is around 3,3 %-58,3%. Second: the error on minimal pairs occurs on the letters shift ?? ?? ? to be ? , letter ? to be ? , letter ? to be ? , letter ? to be ? , letter ? to be ?? , and letter ? to be ?.

The Hermeneutic Principles of Linguistics from the Viewpoint, of Linear Phonology

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Minimal Contrast

SummaryThere is in general an accord between linguists as to the major principles used for the analysis of language. These are the compass, consistency, and economy of analyses. It can he shown that linear phonology encompasses more of its own units, phonemes, than match the speaker’s use; economises more in rules than speakers do in each style of speech; and are caused by the linguist’s ideal of economy to violate the principle of consistency by using “near-minimal” contrast where there is no minimal pair.The principles for linguists must be defined on the human being and not simply on data functioning at a single linguistic level.

Minimal Pair Approaches to Phonological Remediation

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 057-068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Barlow ◽  
Judith A. Gierut
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Pair

You sound like Mommy

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Fennell ◽  
Krista Byers-Heinlein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Old French ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Target Words

Previous research indicates that monolingual infants have difficulty learning minimal pairs (i.e., words differing by one phoneme) produced by a speaker uncharacteristic of their language environment and that bilinguals might share this difficulty. To clearly reveal infants’ underlying phonological representations, we minimized task demands by embedding target words in naming phrases, using a fully crossed, between-subjects experimental design. We tested 17-month-old French-English bilinguals’ ( N = 30) and English monolinguals’ ( N = 31) learning of a minimal pair (/k∊m/ – /g∊m/) produced by an adult bilingual or monolingual. Infants learned the minimal pair only when the speaker matched their language environment. This vulnerability to subtle changes in word pronunciation reveals that neither monolingual nor bilingual 17-month-olds possess fully generalizable phonological representations.

scholarly journals Phonological Neighborhood Effects in Spoken Word Production: An fMRI Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasun Peramunage ◽  
Sheila E. Blumstein ◽  
Emily B. Myers ◽  
Matthew Goldrick ◽  
Melissa Baese-Berk
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Spoken Word Production

The current study examined the neural systems underlying lexically conditioned phonetic variation in spoken word production. Participants were asked to read aloud singly presented words, which either had a voiced minimal pair (MP) neighbor (e.g., cape) or lacked a minimal pair (NMP) neighbor (e.g., cake). The voiced neighbor never appeared in the stimulus set. Behavioral results showed longer voice-onset time for MP target words, replicating earlier behavioral results [Baese-Berk, M., & Goldrick, M. Mechanisms of interaction in speech production. Language and Cognitive Processes, 24, 527–554, 2009]. fMRI results revealed reduced activation for MP words compared to NMP words in a network including left posterior superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and precentral gyrus. These findings support cascade models of spoken word production and show that neural activation at the lexical level modulates activation in those brain regions involved in lexical selection, phonological planning, and, ultimately, motor plans for production. The facilitatory effects for words with MP neighbors suggest that competition effects reflect the overlap inherent in the phonological representation of the target word and its MP neighbor.

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