How Do We Examine Central Tendency in Continuous Variables?

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-104
Author(s):  
Erin Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Central Tendency

The Central Tendency of Judgment.

1911 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
F. M. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Central Tendency

Agri-Business Curriculum: The Entrepreneurial Direction of Graduates

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regie D. Patagoc
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Business Graduates ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

This study aimed to determine the entrepreneurial engagement of Agri-Business graduates from Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology (SPAMAST), during the SY 2008-2013. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, analyzed and subjected to the measures of central tendency (mean and percentage) and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 19.0).Results showed that graduates were within 26 to 30 years old age, female, single, most were regular workers in a private company with 1 - 3 years working experience and were practicing entrepreneurs earning a monthly income of 10,000. High rating was extended to the level of competence on attitudinal, behavioral and educational factors. It was found out that, the respondents either felt, thought and view entrepreneurship as a thing that they had dreamed to undertake after graduation because they believed that it is only doing entrepreneurial undertakings that they can fulfill the objectives of the course and their personal beliefs that success can be attained through it.Further, only few graduates had started their entrepreneurial engagement, while the majority, were still thinking about their entrepreneurial endeavor because of the difficulty in starting own business due to the complex administrative procedures involved. The demographic and socio-economic profile had no significant influence to the level of engagement while the level of competencies significantly influenced the level of entrepreneurial engagement.

Preoperative MRI findings and prediction of diagnostic utility of foramen ovale electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Bick ◽  
Marjan S. Dolatshahi ◽  
Benjamin L. Grannan ◽  
Andrew J. Cole ◽  
Daniel B. Hoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

OBJECTIVEForamen ovale electrodes (FOEs) are a minimally invasive method to localize mesial temporal seizures in cases in which noninvasive methods are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to identify factors predicting the ability of FOEs to yield a diagnosis in order to determine optimal candidates for this procedure.METHODSAll cases of diagnostic investigations performed with FOEs at the authors’ institution between 2005 and 2017 were reviewed. FOE investigation was defined as diagnostic if it led to a treatment decision. Demographic and clinical variables for diagnostic and nondiagnostic investigations were compared using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.RESULTSNinety-three patients underwent investigations performed with FOEs during the study period and were included in the study. FOE investigation was diagnostic in 75.3% of cases. Of patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy following diagnostic FOE evaluation, 75.9% were Engel class I at last follow-up (average 40.1 months). When the diagnostic and nondiagnostic FOE groups were compared, patients who had diagnostic investigations were more likely to be male (57.1% male vs 26.1% in the nondiagnostic group, p = 0.015). They were also more likely to have temporal lesions on preoperative MRI (p = 0.018).CONCLUSIONSFOEs are a useful, minimally invasive diagnostic modality resulting in a treatment decision in 75% of cases. Male patients and patients with temporal lesions on MRI may be most likely to benefit from FOE investigation.

GCS-Pupil Score Has a Stronger Association with Mortality and Poor Functional Outcome than GCS Alone in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Binod Balakrishnan ◽  
Heather VanDongen-Trimmer ◽  
Irene Kim ◽  
Sheila J. Hanson ◽  
Liyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Cerebral Performance Category ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Poor Functional Outcome ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Pupil Reactivity

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), used to classify the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI), is associated with mortality and functional outcomes. However, GCS can be affected by sedation and neuromuscular blockade. GCS-Pupil (GCS-P) score, calculated as GCS minus Pupil Reactivity Score (PRS), was shown to better predict outcomes in a retrospective cohort of adult TBI patients. We evaluated the applicability of GCS-P to a large retrospective pediatric severe TBI (sTBI) cohort. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Admissions to pediatric intensive care units in the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS, LLC) database from 2010 to 2015 with sTBI were included. We collected GCS, PRS (number of nonreactive pupils), cardiac arrest, abusive head trauma status, illness severity scores, pediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC) score, and mortality. GCS-P was calculated as GCS minus PRS. χ<sup>2</sup> or Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test compared categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Classification and regression tree analysis identified thresholds of GCS-P and GCS along with other independent factors which were further examined using multivariable regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with mortality and unfavorable PCPC at PICU discharge. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among the 2,682 patients included in the study, mortality was 23%, increasing from 4.7% for PRS = 0 to 80% for PRS = 2. GCS-P identified more severely injured patients with GCS-P scores 1 and 2 who had worse outcomes. GCS-P ≤ 2 had higher odds for mortality, OR = 68.4 (95% CI = 50.6–92.4) and unfavorable PCPC, OR = 17.3 (8.1, 37.0) compared to GCS ≤ 5. GCS-P ≤ 2 also had higher specificity and positive predictive value for both mortality and unfavorable PCPC compared to GCS ≤ 5. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> GCS-P, by incorporating pupil reactivity to GCS scoring, is more strongly associated with mortality and poor functional outcome at PICU discharge in children with sTBI.

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