Products of Normal Operators

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Yuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Separable Hilbert Space ◽  
Polar Decomposition ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Underlying Space ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Normal Operators ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Which bounded linear operator on a complex, separable Hilbert space can be expressed as the product of finitely many normal operators? What is the answer if “normal” is replaced by “Hermitian”, “nonnegative” or “positive”? Recall that an operator T is nonnegative (resp. positive) if (Tx, x) ≧ 0 (resp. (Tx, x) ≥ 0) for any x ≠ 0 in the underlying space. The purpose of this paper is to provide complete answers to these questions.If the space is finite-dimensional, then necessary and sufficient conditions for operators expressible as such are already known. For normal operators, this is easy. By the polar decomposition, every operator is the product of two normal operators. An operator is the product of Hermitian operators if and only if its determinant is real; moreover, in this case, 4 Hermitian operators suffice and 4 is the smallest such number (cf. [10]).

A note on normal operators

1963 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bernau ◽  
F. Smithies
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Adjoint Operator ◽  
Spectral Theorem ◽  
Unitary Operators ◽  
Unitary Space ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Normal Operators ◽  
Finite Dimensional Case

We recall that a bounded linear operator T in a Hilbert space or finite-dimensional unitary space is said to be normal if T commutes with its adjoint operator T*, i.e. TT* = T*T. Most of the proofs given in the literature for the spectral theorem for normal operators, even in the finite-dimensional case, appeal to the corresponding results for Hermitian or unitary operators.

scholarly journals On Convexity of Composition and Multiplication Operators on Weighted Hardy Spaces

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Hedayatian ◽  
Lotfollah Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Composition Operator ◽  
Hardy Spaces ◽  
Bounded Linear Operator ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Multiplication Operators ◽  
Weighted Hardy Spaces ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

A bounded linear operatorTon a Hilbert spaceℋ, satisfying‖T2h‖2+‖h‖2≥2‖Th‖2for everyh∈ℋ, is called a convex operator. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which a convex composition operator on a large class of weighted Hardy spaces is an isometry. Also, we discuss convexity of multiplication operators.

On Self-Adjoint Factorization of Operators

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1421-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heydar Radjavi
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Bounded Linear Operator ◽  
Unitary Operator ◽  
Normal Operator ◽  
Complex Hilbert Space ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Normal Operators ◽  
Adjoint Operators

The main result of this paper is that every normal operator on an infinitedimensional (complex) Hilbert space ℋ is the product of four self-adjoint operators; our Theorem 4 is an actually stronger result. A large class of normal operators will be given which cannot be expressed as the product of three self-adjoint operators.This work was motivated by a well-known resul t of Halmos and Kakutani (3) that every unitary operator on ℋ is the product of four symmetries, i.e., operators that are self-adjoint and unitary.1. By “operator” we shall mean bounded linear operator. The space ℋ will be infinite-dimensional (separable or non-separable) unless otherwise specified. We shall denote the class of self-adjoint operators on ℋ by and that of symmetries by .

scholarly journals Antinormal composition operators on $ \mbf{\ell^2}$

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyan Prakash Tripathi ◽  
Nand Lal
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Bounded Linear Operator ◽  
Composition Operators ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Complex Numbers ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Normal Operators

A bounded linear operator $ T $ on a Hilbert space $ H $ is called antinormal if the distance of $ T $ from the set of all normal operators is equal to norm of $ T $. In this paper, we give a complete characterization of antinormal composition operators on $ \ell^2 $, where $ \ell^2 $ is the Hilbert space of all square summable sequences of complex numbers under standard inner product on it.

scholarly journals Generalizations of the Aluthge transform of operators

Filomat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 6465-6474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Shebrawi ◽  
Mojtaba Bakherad
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Convex Function ◽  
Polar Decomposition ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Complex Hilbert Space ◽  
Numerical Radius ◽  
Aluthge Transform ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Definition Of

Let A be an operator with the polar decomposition A = U|A|. The Aluthge transform of the operator A, denoted by ?, is defined as ? = |A|1/2U |A|1/2. In this paper, first we generalize the definition of Aluthge transformfor non-negative continuous functions f,g such that f(x)g(x) = x (x ? 0). Then, by using this definition, we get some numerical radius inequalities. Among other inequalities, it is shown that if A is bounded linear operator on a complex Hilbert space H, then h (w(A)) ? 1/4||h(g2 (|A|)) + h(f2(|A|)|| + 1/2h (w(? f,g)), where f,g are non-negative continuous functions such that f(x)g(x) = x (x ? 0), h is a non-negative and non-decreasing convex function on [0,?) and ? f,g = f (|A|)Ug(|A|).

Representation of certain Linear Operators in Hilbert Space

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Niel Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Bounded Linear Operator ◽  
Separable Hilbert Space ◽  
Finite Dimension ◽  
Linear Operators ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Indefinite Metric ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Bilinear Functional

In this paper we represent certain linear operators in a space with indefinite metric. Such a space may be a pair (H, B), where H is a separable Hilbert space, B is a bilinear functional on H given by B(x, y) = [Jx, y], [, ] is the Hilbert inner product in H, and J is a bounded linear operator such that J = J* and J2 = I. If T is a linear operator in H, then ‖T‖ is the usual operator norm. The operator J above has two eigenspaces corresponding to the eigenvalues + 1 and –1.In case the eigenspace in which J induces a positive operator has finite dimension k, a general spectral theory is known and has been developed principally by Pontrjagin [25], Iohvidov and Kreĭn [13], Naĭmark [20], and others.

Complete Positivity of Two Class of Maps Involving Depolarizing and Transpose-Depolarizing Channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhong Sun ◽  
Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Linear Operators ◽  
Complete Positivity ◽  
Completely Positive Map ◽  
Completely Positive ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Positive Map ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Finite Dimensional Hilbert Space

In this note, we mainly study the necessary and sufficient conditions for the complete positivity of generalizations of depolarizing and transpose-depolarizing channels. Specifically, we define [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] (the set of all bounded linear operators on the finite-dimensional Hilbert space [Formula: see text] is given and [Formula: see text] is the transpose of [Formula: see text] in a fixed orthonormal basis of [Formula: see text] First, we show that [Formula: see text] is completely positive if and only if [Formula: see text] is a positive map, which is equivalent to [Formula: see text] Moreover, [Formula: see text] is a completely positive map if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] At last, we also get that [Formula: see text] is a completely positive map if and only if [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are eigenvalues of [Formula: see text].

Growth Conditions and Decomposable Operators

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Radjabalipour
Keyword(s):  
Banach Space ◽  
Linear Operator ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Invariant Subspaces ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Normal Operators ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Decomposable Operators ◽  
The Subject

Throughout this paper T will denote a bounded linear operator which is defined on a Banach space and whose spectrum lies on a rectifiable Jordan curve J .The operators having some growth conditions on their resolvents have been the subject of discussion for a long time. Many sufficient conditions have been found to ensure that such operators have invariant subspaces [2 ; 3 ; 7 ; 8 ; 12 ; 13; 14; 21; 27; 28; 29], are S-operators [14], are quasidecomposable [9], are decomposable [4 ; 11], are spectral [7 ; 10 ; 15 ; 17], are similar to normal operators [16 ; 23 ; 25 ; 26], or are normal [15 ; 18 ; 22]. In this line we are going to show that many such operators are decomposable.

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS IN HILBERTIAN OPERATORS AND APPLICATIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1431-1454
Author(s):  
VICTOR J. MIZEL ◽  
M. M. RAO
Keyword(s):  
Random Fields ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Linear Operators ◽  
Infinite Dimensions ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Quadratic Equations ◽  
Weak Ordering ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Adjoint Operators

In this paper bounded linear operators in Hilbert space satisfying general quadratic equations are characterized. Necessary and sufficient conditions for sets of operators satisfying two such equations to compare relative to a weak ordering are presented. In addition, averaging operators in finite dimensional spaces are determined, and in this case it is shown that they are unitary models for all projections. It is pointed out, by an example, that the latter result does not hold in infinite dimensions. A key application to certain second order random fields of Karhunen type is given. The main purpose is to present the structure of bounded non-self adjoint operators solving quadratic equations, and indicate their use.

scholarly journals Solutions of the system of operator equations $BXA=B=AXB$ via the *-order

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Vosough ◽  
Mohammad Sal Moslehian
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
General Solution ◽  
Existence Of Solutions ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Linear Operators ◽  
Operator Equations ◽  
Bounded Linear ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
System Of Operator Equations

In this paper, some necessary and sufficient conditions are established for the existence of solutions to the system of operator equations $BXA=B=AXB$ in the setting of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space, where the unknown operator $X$ is called the inverse of $A$ along $B$. After that, under some mild conditions, it is proved that an operator $X$ is a solution of $BXA=B=AXB$ if and only if $B \stackrel{*}{ \leq} AXA$, where the $*$-order $C\stackrel{*}{ \leq} D$ means $CC^*=DC^*, C^*C=C^*D$. Moreover, the general solution of the equation above is obtained. Finally, some characterizations of $C \stackrel{*}{ \leq} D$ via other operator equations, are presented.

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