scholarly journals Identification and Isolation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype IV from Culex vishnui Collected in Bali, Indonesia in 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Nur Faizah ◽  
Daisuke Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshihide Maekawa ◽  
Michael Amoa-Bosompem ◽  
Shifa Fauziyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Mosquito Pool ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is transmitted between swine, migratory birds, and Culex mosquitoes, and has circulated indigenously in Asia for almost a century. Despite being the country with the highest JEV diversity, surveillance targeting of Indonesia’s vectors is scarce. This study collected mosquitoes from several locations in Tabanan Regency, Bali Island, Indonesia. We captured and classified 3,032 adult Culex mosquitoes into seven species, with Culex vishnui subgroup mosquitoes making up approximately 90% of the total. Japanese encephalitis virus was identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of a Cx. vishnui mosquito pool. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis revealed the JEV as genotype (G) IV. The nucleotide identity was 99% with other JEV GIV isolates obtained from swine sera in 2017 on Bali Island and from a human patient in Australia with a travel history to Bali in 2019. This finding indicated that JEV GIV persists in restricted areas and is circulating between swine-mosquito vectors.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of the Role of Ecologically-Relevant Hosts and Vectors in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype Displacement

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit K. Karna ◽  
Richard A. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Southern Asia

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus that is maintained via transmission between Culex spp. mosquitoes and water birds across a large swath of southern Asia and northern Australia. Currently JEV is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in humans in Asia. Five genotypes of JEV (G-I–G-V) have been responsible for historical and current outbreaks in endemic regions, and G-I and G-III co-circulate throughout Southern Asia. While G-III has historically been the dominant genotype worldwide, G-I has gradually but steadily displaced G-III. The objective of this study was to better understand the phenomenon of genotype displacement for JEV by evaluating both avian host and mosquito vector susceptibilities to infection with representatives from both G-I and G-III. Since ducks and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are prevalent avian hosts and vectors perpetuating JEV transmission in JE endemic areas, experimental evaluation of virus replication in these species was considered to approximate the natural conditions necessary for studying the role of host, vectors and viral fitness in the JEV genotype displacement context. We evaluated viremia in ducklings infected with G-I and G-III, and did not detect differences in magnitude or duration of viremia. Testing the same viruses in mosquitoes revealed that the rates of infection, dissemination and transmission were higher in virus strains belonging to G-I than G-III, and that the extrinsic incubation period was shorter for the G-I strains. These data suggest that the characteristics of JEV infection of mosquitoes but not of ducklings, may have play a role in genotype displacement.

scholarly journals Emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V in the Republic of Korea

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratree Takhampunya ◽  
Heung-Chul Kim ◽  
Bousaraporn Tippayachai ◽  
Ampornpan Kengluecha ◽  
Terry A Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Genotype V

scholarly journals Effects of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype V-Derived Sub-Viral Particles on the Immunogenicity of the Vaccine Characterized by a Novel Virus-Like Particle-Based Assay

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sarah Honjo ◽  
Michiaki Masuda ◽  
Tomohiro Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Genotype V

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is classified into five genotypes labelled I through V. Although the genotype V (GV) JEV was originally found and had apparently been limited in Malaysia for more than 50 years, its emergence in Korea and China has recently been reported. Therefore, the GV JEV might be spreading over new geographical regions as a cause of potential public health problems. However, it is unknown whether the currently available JEV vaccines are effective against the emerging GV strains. To investigate this issue, a novel virus-like particle-based neutralizing assay was developed in this study. By using this assay, the inactivated JEV vaccine used in Japan and the recombinant sub-viral particles (SVPs) bearing the E protein of the GV Muar strain were characterized for the immunogenicity against the GV JEV. Although the inactivated vaccine alone failed to elicit a detectable level of neutralizing antibodies against the GV JEV, the vaccine added with the Muar-derived SVPs induced relatively high titers of neutralizing antibodies, associated with the efficient Th1 immune responses, against the GV JEV. The results indicate that addition of the GV JEV-derived antigens may be useful for developing the vaccine that is universally effective against JEV including the emerging GV strains.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Japanese Encephalitis Virus: Genotype Is Associated with Climate

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Schuh ◽  
Melissa J. Ward ◽  
Andrew J. Leigh Brown ◽  
Alan D. T. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype

scholarly journals Introduction of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype I, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip V. Fulmali ◽  
Gajanan N. Sapkal ◽  
Sulabha Athawale ◽  
Milind M. Gore ◽  
Akhilesh C. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype I
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