Self-Reflective System

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Marlin Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Reflective System

Study of aberration characteristic of off-axis reflective system

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 0618002
Author(s):  
庞志海 Pang Zhihai ◽  
樊学武 Fan Xuewu ◽  
任国瑞 Ren Guorui ◽  
丁蛟腾 Ding Jiaoteng ◽  
许亮 Xu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reflective System

Fast and slow light in an absorptionless, non-reflective system: a quantum weak measurement approach

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Solli ◽  
Colin F. McCormick ◽  
Claus Ropers ◽  
James J. Morehead ◽  
Sandu Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Light ◽  
Weak Measurement ◽  
System A ◽  
Measurement Approach ◽  
Reflective System

scholarly journals Alcoholism and the Loss of Willpower

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Noël ◽  
Antoine Bechara ◽  
Damien Brevers ◽  
Paul Verbanck ◽  
Salvatore Campanella
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Alcohol Cues ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Optimal Information ◽  
Reflective Systems ◽  
Reflective System

Like other addictions, alcoholism reflects the continuation of alcohol use despite negative consequences (e.g., an ulcer or family problems made worse by alcohol consumption). Recent cognitive theories suggest that optimal information processing related to the capacity to make decisions under uncertainty conditions is impaired either prior to the initiation of alcohol use, or it is related to the consequence of its repeated utilization. In this paper, we suggest that alcoholism may be the product of an imbalance between two separate, but interacting, cognitive registers that contribute to decision making: a reactive/automatic attentional and memory system for signaling the presence of alcohol cues in the environment and for attributing to such cues pleasure and/or excitement; and a reflective/nonautomatic system for regulating the dominant reactive/automatic response. Hyperactivity within the reactive system can override the reflective system and brain/cognitive changes induced by ethanol could lead to the disruption of self-regulation. We finally develop the idea that different patterns of imbalance between reactive and reflective systems could lead to distinct patterns of clinical impulsivity involved in the vulnerability to, the development of, and the relapse into alcoholism.

Impulse Control Disorders in Neurological Settings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Bechara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Impulsive System ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Reflective System

This chapter will argue that impulse control disorders, including addiction, are the product of an imbalance between two separate but interacting neural systems: (1) an impulsive amygdala-striatum–dependent neural system that promotes automatic and habitual behaviors and (2) a reflective prefrontal cortex–dependent neural system for decision making, forecasting the future consequences of a behavior, and inhibitory control. The reflective system controls the impulsive system via several mechanisms. However, this control is not absolute; hyperactivity within the impulsive system can override the reflective system. While most prior research has focused on the impulsive system (especially the ventral striatum and its mesolimbic dopamine projection) in promoting the motivation and drive to seek drugs, or on the reflective system (prefrontal cortex) and its mechanisms for decision making and impulse control, more recent evidence suggests that a largely overlooked structure, namely the insula, plays a key role in maintaining poor impulse control, including addiction. This review highlights the potential functional role the insula plays in addiction. We propose that the insula translates bottom-up, interoceptive signals into what subjectively may be experienced as an urge or craving, which in turn potentiates the activity of the impulsive system and/or weakens or hijacks the goal-driven cognitive resources that are needed for the normal operation of the reflective system.

Optical Design of Wide Field View and Large Relative Aperture Off-axis Three-mirror Reflective System with Tilted Optical Axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 322002
Author(s):  
刘强 LIU Qiang ◽  
王欣 WANG Xin ◽  
黄庚华 HUANG Geng-hua ◽  
舒嵘 SHU Rong
Keyword(s):  
Optical Axis ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Field View ◽  
Reflective System
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